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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What was Kant's theory based on? |
Reason |
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What is the phenomenal world? |
Sense based world that we are trapped in |
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What is the noumenal world? How can it be reached? |
Real work, not held back by our senses Can sometimes be reached through appreciation of beauty and love Cannot be communicated as language is a shared experience |
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What are the presuppositions? What book? |
Good will - (U,F,I) Freedom - We must be free to make choices Duty - Duty done for duties sake, a human who does not fulfill their duty is less than human. We should be rational and free "Groundwork of Metaphysics of morals" |
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Explain the three parts of good will |
Universal will - Humans can be rational, this enables us to value life Free character - Humans care about each other, they help each other because of this Instincts - Humans are animals, our instincts keep up alive
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What is a hypothetical and what is a categorical imperative? |
Hypothetical: Not a moral command, is conditional Categorical: Is a moral command, based on A priori law of reason |
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What are the tests for the categorical imperative? |
Universalise - Maxim must make sense as a universal law (over particularising maxims goes against good will) Ends in itself - People should be treated as an end in themselves, not a means to an end Kingdom of ends - Law maker should also live by the maxim |
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What were Kant's postulates of practical reasoning? |
Freedom - Needed for presuppositions God - Incentive for moral acting, explains after life Afterlife - Provides reward for moral acting also BALANCES IRRATIONAL UNIVERSE THAT WE LIVE IN |
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What is the sunnum bonum? When can it be achieved? |
'Perfect accordance of the mind with moral law' (sort-of like holiness) Can only be reached in the afterlife |
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Do all humans have equal value? Who criticises this? |
Yes Criticised by Singer, who claims that you cannot say status is dependant on your ability to reason and ALSO say everyone has equal value |
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Give 4 pros of Kant's theory |
Rules apply to everyone equally Humans have intrinsic value Universal principle means rules would work Protects people from being abused as they are ends in themselves |
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Give 3 cons of Kant Give counters where appropriate |
Unclear - offer three versions of the categorical imperative and doesn't give a clear definition of what person hood is (counter) this is intentional as people need to be free to think for themselves Fletcher claims it treats everything the same, not flexible enough (counter) good that everything is treated fairly, Vary claims 'justice should not be confused with popularity' Kant claimed "beings if they are not rational [Have] only a relative value" (Counter) after reading Rousseau he changes his mind and 'learned to honour all things'
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What were Ross's Prima Facie duties? |
Fidelity Reparation Gratitude Justice Benifience Non-Maleficence Self improvement |
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What does Ross say about these duties? |
Intuitively good Are true unless a contradictory case can be made |
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What does Ross say about duties to our families? |
It is wrong to ignore them We do not treat everybody the same |
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What did Korsgaard claim in her book "Creating the Kingdom of Ends"? |
Kant can be used to respond to modern issues |
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How did Korsgaard defend the claim that Kant disliked sex? |
Claimed Kant only wanted sex within marriage as outside of marriage women were viewed as less valued, and therefore it was using them as a means to an end |
