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10 Cards in this Set
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--- Q1 – Human Implantation --- 8 15 23-30
A --- Describe formation of HUMAN placenta(drawings)? 1) How many pictures? 3 2) What times? #/#/# *** 3) Corresponding to? ***/***/*** *** 3a) last one.... c*** v*** c*** form 4) Name major components bottom to top? ------E***-*** *** ------C*** ------S*** ------E*** --- invades primary *** ------c*** v*** c*** 5) Function of trophoblast? ----trephein: to *** --- blastos: *** ----i*** ----Facilitates *** of n***, w**, g*** and !***! 6) Function of placenta? !!!!!!!!!!!!!Endocrine Function --------hormones produced by *** ------*** - keeps uterus *** and full of blood vessels ----c*** *** - placental lactogen --***: P*** hormone causes p*** production 7)!!!!!!!!Protection From Maternal Immune System ---------*** inhibits Immune Response to *** type foreigner -----Secretes *** blocking *** production -Promotes I.R. suppressing ***(***) -----*** Specific *** *** protects embryo from r*** |
1) 3
2) 1st/2nd/3rd week 3) primary/secondary/tertiary villus 3a) chorionic villi capillaries 4)------Extra-embryonic mesoderm ------Cyto trophoblast ------Syn cytio trophoblast ------Endometrium --- villus ------chorionic villi capillaries 5) Function of trophoblast? ----feed - germinator ----Implantation ----exchange ---nutrients --- wastes --- gases --- !IgG! 6) Function of placenta? !!!!!!!!!!!!!Endocrine Function --------Chorion ------Progesterone --- thick ----Chorionic somatomammotropin - placental lactogen --Gonadotropin: Peptide --- progesterone 7)!!!!!!!!Protection From Maternal Immune System ---------Chorion --- allograft ----- proteins --- Ig -lymphocytes(Treg) ----- Placental --- histocompatible Ig --- recognition |
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--- Q2 - Mammalian cleavage ---
--- Describe 5 Unique Properties? Most crucial? Why? --- 1) *** of cell *** 1a) One of *** in *** *** 1b) First *** takes # *** 2) *** c*** 2a) Unique *** of *** 2b) 1st = *** *** 2c) 2nd = one *** / one *** 3) *** of *** cell division 3a) b*** don't *** @ s*** ti**.... therefore no *** g*** 4) *** genome active early 4a) *** and g***(species) switch @ *** stage 5) *** at *** stage followed by *** and *** 5a) *** *** creates a tight compact ball... with *** *** 5b) Cells w/in ball form *** *** allowing transfer of s***l *** and *** |
1) Slowness --- division
1a) slowest -- animal kingdom 1b) cleavage --- one day. 2) Rotational Cleavage 2a) orientation --- blastomeres 2b) 1st = meridional division 2c) 2nd = meridional --- equitorial 3) Asynchrony --- early 3a) blastomeres --- divide @ same time --- exponential growth 4) zygote genome active early 4a) Mouse --- Goat --- 2-cell stage 5) Compaction --- 8-cell --- morula --- blastula 5a) Tight Junction --- maximum contact 5b) gap junctions --- small molecules --- ions |
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--- Q3 - AA ---
--- AA --- 1) |
1)
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--- Q4 - Twins --- 8 – 25
--- 2Chorion:2Amnion --- 1Chorion:2Amnion --- 1Chorion:1Amnion --- MAJOR COMPONENTS? 1) Step 1 - *** 2) Step 2 - *** *** *** 3) Step 3 - *** *** *** *** 4) Step 4 - *** *** *** |
--- Q4 - Twins --- 8 – 25
--- 2Chorion:2Amnion --- 1Chorion:2Amnion --- 1Chorion:1Amnion --- MAJOR COMPONENTS? 1) 2-cell embryo 2) Blastocoel, Inner cell mass, Trophoblast 3) Embryo, Yolk sac, Amnion, Chorion 4) Fetus, Amnion, Chorion |
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--- Q5 - Eye --- 9 - 35
--- Draw pigmented retina, neural retina, lens, and cornea --- 1) How many pictures? 2) Optic vesicle becomes a......................... 3) In the process the *** *** is induced. Picture 1 1) *** of *** Picture 2 1) *** of *** w/*** *** on far right/left 2) and *** *** on inside of open space Picture 3 1) *** *** is not hollow 2) and the *** *** is spooning it Picture 4 1) Everything is ***. |
1) 4
2) two-walled optic cup 3) lens vesicle Picture 1 1) Ace of Clubs Picture 2 1) Ace of clubs --- lens placode 2) Optic Vesicle Picture 3 1) Lens vesicle 2) Optic cup Picture 4 1) normal |
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--- Q6 – SSH in eye --- 9-37
1) TF SHH influences *** development in *** *** through its ***. 2) If gene is mutated causing.... expression to be... 3) None = *** eye called *** . 4) Too much = *** too much area causing *** eye 4) *** *** Fish 5) Cavefish have large *** and little ***. 6) Normal fish have large *** and little *** . 8) It is believed SHH from *** *** suppresses *** in *** of field causing it to *** |
--- Q6 – SSH in eye --- 9-37
1) field --- eye placode --- suppression 2) 3) One --- cyclopia 4) suppresses --- no 5) Mexican Tetra Fish 6) large Pax2 --- little Pax6. 7) large Pax6 --- little Pax2 8) prechordal plate --- Pax6 --- center --- divide |
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--- Q7 – Brain Development --- 9-16
1) Forebrain - *** encephalon 1a) ***encephalon – *** - Memory 1b) ***encephalon – *** - Vision 2) Midbrain - ***encephalon 2a) ***encephalon – *** - Habituation 3) Hindbrain - ***encephalon 3a) ***encephalon – *** - Muscle movement 3b) ***encephalon – *** -Respiration |
--- Q7 – Brain Development --- 9-16
1) Pros 1a) Tel – Hippocampus 1b) Di – Retina 2) Mes 2a) Mes – Midbrain 3) Rhomb 3a) Met – Cerebellum 3b) Myel – Medulla Oblongata |
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--- Q8 - Hair ---
1) Formed from *** and ***? 2) Creating *** and ***? 3) ---- Stage 1 - !*** ***! is induced to become *** by !*** ***!. Tissue surrounding everything is !*** ***! 4) --- Stage 2 --- !*** *** ***! formed 5) --- Stage 3 --- D*** induces !*** ***! to divide rapidly. Soon !*** of ***! is surrounded by !*** hair ***! 6) --- Stage 4 --- !*** *** is formed lubing the !*** w/*** hair *** *** cells!. *** transfer pigment to the !***! *** cells 7) --- Types of Hair --- 8) *** – ***/*** spaced, *** before birth 9) *** – Remains on body and is *** 10) *** reverts back into *** |
1) Epidermis and dermis
2) sweat glands and hair/scales/feathers 3)--- Stage 1 --- !Epidermal ectoderm! --- columnar --- !Condensed mesoderm! --- !Dermal mesoderm! 4) --- Stage 2 --- !Primary hair germ! 5) --- Stage 3 --- Differentiation --- !Dermal Papilla! --- !tip of hair! --- !Developing hair canal! 6) --- Stage 4 --- !Sebaceous Gland! --- !bulb w/pluripotent hair follicle stem cells! --- Melanocyte --- !hair! shaft cells 7) 8) Lanugo – Thin/closely --- shed 9) Vellus – hairless 10) Terminal – baldness |
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--- Q9 – Mice Primary and Secondary Neurulation --- 9 – 3-15
1) Primary neurulation – *** directs the *** above it to p***, i***, and p*** off from surface. 2) Secondary Neurulation - derived from *** *** of cells that *** and subsequently *** to form n*** t*** 3) Illustrate Secondary Neurulation a) *** of *** *** b) *** w/*** anchored to *** c) *** of *** *** d) *** w/*** e) *** between *** and *** *** through *** *** cells f) *** *** cells disperse 4) Illustrate Secondary Neurulation a) !*** ***! b) *** c) *** *** |
1) chordamesoderm --- ectoderm --- proliferate, invaginate, and pinch
2) solid cord --- sink --- hollows --- neural tube. 3) Illustrate Secondary Neurulation a) Shaping of Neural Plate b) Folding --- MedianHP --- notochord c) Elevation of Neural Groove d) Convergence w/Dorsal-LateralHP e) Closure --- epidermis --- neural tube --- Neural Crest f) Neural Crest 4) Illustrate Secondary Neurulation a) !Medullary Cord! b) Notocord c) Neural Tube |
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--- Q10 – Neural Tube Dorsal-Ventral Specification ---
--- Describe Mechanism --- 1) SHH is a protein produced in *** for *** specification. 2) *** patterning *** SHH to *** region. 3) *** is produced in *** *** causing TGF-β ***. 4) Different *** of SHH:TGF-β causes *** of different *** *** giving cells their *** . 5) SHH *** expression of genes encoding *** ne*** *** specificity... --- TGF-β --- located *** *** ***(structure) *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** neurons – TFs *** and *** *** neurons – TFs *** and *** --- SHH --- located *** |
1) notochord --- ventral
2) Dorsal --- confines --- ventral 3) BMP4 --- roof plate --- cascade 4) levels --- expression --- transcription factors --- identity 5) represses --- dorsal neural tube --- TGF-β --- dorsally in *** *** D1 interneurons D2 interneurons D3 interneurons V1 interneurons V2 interneurons Motor Neurons – TFs NKx6.1 and Pax6 V3 neurons – TFs NKx6.1 and NKx2.2 --- SHH --- ventrally in *** |
