Jvim Hemolymph Sc

Front 1

Stored red blood cells of how long were shown to be associated with increased risk of sepsis and MODS

Back 1

a. Over 14 days
2

Front 2

Stored red blood cells of how long were shown to be associated with an inflammatory response in dogs

Back 2

a. 21-28 days
3

Front 3

What are two risk factors associated with negative prognosis in dogs with hemolysis

Back 3

a. Increased patient age and pretransfusion lactate
4

Front 4

What are two Proinflammatory cytokines linked with increased mortality in dogs with IMHA

Back 4

a. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and interleukin 18
5

Front 5

Generally speaking was there a difference in the outcome in dogs that lived for 30 days after getting a transfusion that was under 14 days or older than 14 days

Back 5

a. No difference
b. Exception in the hemolysis group though
6

Front 6

What is one of the proposed mechanisms by which older blood may incite sepsis

Back 6

a. Transfusion of older pRBC’s may activate endothelium by release of free hemoglobin or microparticles
7

Front 7

Most cases of thrombi originate from which side of the heart

Back 7

a. Left side
8

Front 8

What is the reported survival rate for cats with ATE

Back 8

a. Less than 50%
9

Front 9

Previously reported poor prognostic indicators for cats with ATE include what

Back 9

a. Hypothermia, affecting more than one limb, neurologic deficits (absence of motor function), hyperphosphatemia, bradycardia
10

Front 10

What percentage of cats that were treated after initial presentation survived longer than 24 hours

Back 10

a. 70% (the most common outcome at presentation was euthanasia however)
11

Front 11

What percentage of cats that survived the first 24 hours lived a total of 7 days

Back 11

a. 50%
12

Front 12

Mortality was associated from cats not receiving what therapies

Back 12

a. Aspirin, Plavix, or both
13

Front 13

What negative prognostic indicator meant a cat was less likely to survive 7 days

Back 13

a. Affecting more than one limb
14

Front 14

Does seasonality play a role in ATE

Back 14

a. No
15

Front 15

Was presentation of CHF at the time of ATE correlated with outcome

Back 15

a. No
16

Front 16

What is the most common source for iron deficiency in dogs

Back 16

a. Chronic blood loss in the GI tract (tumors, IBD, parasites, ulcers)
17

Front 17

What are two storage forms of iron

Back 17

a. Ferritin and hemosiderin
18

Front 18

What transports iron

Back 18

a. Transferrin and plasma carriers
19

Front 19

Unlike in humans, blood donors were found to have what parameters with respect to iron storage and metabolism

Back 19

a. Lower saturation and higher unsaturated iron binding capacity and total iron binding capacity
20

Front 20

What are the most labile clotting factors in plasma

Back 20

a. Factor 8 and vonWillebrand factor
21

Front 21

Does storing of blood for 24 hours before collecting for plasma affect coagulation factors

Back 21

a. No, not statistically significant but there were lower levels of X, vwf:Ag, and fibrinogen
22

Front 22

How is a Coomb’s test and a Direct antiglobulin test different

Back 22

a. Coomb’s test is an antiglobulin test that detects erythrocyte auto and alloantibodies whereas a direct antiglobulin test detects Ig, complement, or both (only DAT can identify the antibodies on RBC’s)
23

Front 23

What is the hallmark reported in IMHA

Back 23

a. Destruction of rBC induced by autoantibodies and complement
24

Front 24

When trying to diagnose a patient with IMHA, what is the proposed sequence of testing once agglutination is discovered

Back 24

a. Confirm with a DAT test as there are few false negatives (not affected by immunosuppressive drugs or transfusions) and is more specific than osmostic frailty- it is the most sensitive and specific tool for diagnosing IMHA
25

Front 25

Acute hemolytic transfusion reactions occur most frequently to what antigens

Back 25

a. DEA 1.1, 4, Dal
26

Front 26

Which DEA is dominant to DEA 1.2

Back 26

a. DEA 1.1
27

Front 27

What is the proposed descriptor when typing a dog

Back 27

a. How strong or weak a dog is for DEA 1 + or –
28

Front 28

Venous oxygen content is proposed to be an indirect marker of what

Back 28

a. Oxygen delivery to tissues
29

Front 29

Which index most consistently determined blood oxygen and tissue oxygen delivery

Back 29

a. Hemoglobin – not lactate (venous oxygen content mirrored this)
30

Front 30

Leukopenia with marked neutrophilia in cats is associated with what

Back 30

a. Increased mortality
31

Front 31

Dogs that had a degenerative left shift were how much more likely to be euthanized

Back 31

a. 2x
32

Front 32

What percentage of feline neutrophils remain in the marginated pool

Back 32

a. 70%
33

Front 33

What infectious disease was associated with a 3 fold higher hazard of death or euthanasia compared to other cats

Back 33

a. Felv
34

Front 34

What breeds of cats have a lower risk of death or euthanasia in this study

Back 34

a. Purebred cats
35

Front 35

The magnitude (mature neutrophil to immature neutrophils ratio) was associated or not associated with outcome

Back 35

a. Was associated
36

Front 36

What immune mediated disease is the most common cause for relapsing fevers

Back 36

a. IMPA
37

Front 37

What breeds are predisposed to IMPA

Back 37

a. Rottweilers, labs, golden retrievers, shelties, irish setters, cocker spaniels, American eskimos
38

Front 38

What markers of inflammation have been studies with canine IMPA

Back 38

a. CRP, IL-6, IL-8
39

Front 39

Which marker was found to be the most sensitive and useful as a maker of synovial inflammation and clinical improvement

Back 39

a. CRP
40

Front 40

What cells secrete IL-6

Back 40

a. WBC’s, fibroblasts, synovial cells
41

Front 41

What does IL-8 attract

Back 41

a. Neutrophils
42

Front 42

What is the gold standard for diagnosing ATE in dogs and cats

Back 42

a. Selective iodine contrast medium angiography
43

Front 43

What marker was found to be sensitive and specific in dogs and cats when diagnosing ATE

Back 43

a. Glucose concentration changes
44

Front 44

What other marker was found to be positively correlated with ATE

Back 44

a. D-dimers
45

Front 45

In canine IMTP, increases in what index as found to precede platelet count improvements

Back 45

a. Mean platelet volume
46

Front 46

Human studies have demonstrated that what factors are lost after fresh frozen plasma has been stored for a year

Back 46

a. Factor V and VIII
47

Front 47

What in vitro test evaluates primary and secondary hemostasis and fibrinolytic activity

Back 47

a. Thromboelastography (TEG)
48

Front 48

The r time that is calculated by TEG represents what

Back 48

a. Time for clot to form
49

Front 49

What is the alpha angle calculated by TEG

Back 49

a. Strengthening of the clot
50

Front 50

The MA is a measure of what

Back 50

a. Platelet function, ultimate clot strength