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75 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Ashkenazim |
jews who lived in or came from central europe |
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bar/bat mitzvah |
"son/daughter of the commandment"
the coming-of-age ceremony that marks the time when a young person is considered a legal adult within the jewish community |
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biblical judiasm |
judaism before the destruction of the second temple |
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Canaan |
an ancient name for the land of israel |
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conservative judaism |
a branch of judaism that attempts to blend the best of old and new judaism |
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covenant |
a contract; between the hebrews and Yahweh |
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diaspora |
the dispersion of jews beyond israel; particularly to persia, egypt, and the mediterranean region |
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Essenes |
a reclusive semi monastic jewish group
flourished from 150 bce - 68 ce |
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Hanukkah |
an early-winter festival recalling the rededication of the second temple done so by the Maccabees; celebrated with the lighting of candles for 8 days |
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Holocaust (Shoah) |
the destruction of european judaism by the nazis
"extermination" |
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Kabbalah |
"received" 'handed down"
the whole body of jewish mystical literature |
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Ketvium |
"writings"
the third section of the Hebrew scriptures, consisting primarily of poetry, proverbs, and literary works |
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kosher |
"ritually correct"
food preparation and consumption |
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menorah |
a candelabrum containing 7 or 9 branches, used for religious ceremonies |
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Messiah |
a savior figure to be sent by god, awaited by the jews |
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midrash |
"search"
rabbinical commentary on the scriptures and oral law |
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Nevi'im |
"prophets"
the second section of the hebrew scriptures, made up of historical and prophetic books |
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orthodox judaism
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the most traditional branch of judaism
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Passover (Pesach) |
a joyful spring festival that recalls the Hebrew's exodus from egypt and freedom from oppression |
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Pharisees |
a faction during the second temple period that emphasized the observance of biblical rules |
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prophet |
a person inspired by god to speak for him |
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Purim |
a joyous festival in early spring that recalls the jews being saved from destruction, as told in the book of esther |
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rabbi |
a religious teacher or minister |
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rabbinical judaism |
developed after the destruction of the second temple |
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Reconstructionism |
a modern liberal branch of judaism that emphasizes the cultural aspects of the religion |
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Reform |
a movement beginning in the 19th century that questioned modernized judaism;
a liberal branch |
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Rosh Hashanah |
"beginning of the year"
the celebration of the jewish new year, occurring in the seventh lunar month |
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Sabbath |
"rest"
the 7th day of the week (saturday), a day of prayer and rest from work |
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Sadducees |
a priestly faction, influential during the second temple period |
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Seder |
"order"
a special ritual meal at Passover, recalling the Hebrews' exodus from epgypt |
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Sephardim |
Jews of Spain, Morocco, and the Mediterranean region |
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Sukkot |
"booths"
a festival in late autumn that recalls the jews' period of wandering in the desert after exodus |
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talit |
a prayer shawl worn by devout males |
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Talmud |
an encyclopedic commentary on the hebrew scriptures |
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tefillin |
Phylacteries; two small boxes containing biblical passages that are worn by orthodox males on the head and left arm at morning prayer |
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theophany |
a revelation or appearance of god |
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Torah |
"teaching" "instruction"
the first 5 books of the hebrew scriptures, also with additional instructions from god believed to have been transmitted orally by Moses through teachers and rabbis |
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Western Wall |
the foundation stones of the western wall of the last temple of jerusalem, today a place of prayer |
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yarmulke |
the skullcap worn by devout males |
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Yom Kippur |
Day of Atonement; the most sacred day of the year |
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Zealots |
an anti-roman nationalistic jewish faction; active during the roman period of control over israel |
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Zionism |
a movement that has encouraged the creation and support of the nation israel |
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Zohar |
Kabala found its supreme expression in this |
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synagogues |
houses of prayer in judaism |
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babylonians |
the 1st temple was destroyed by their invasion |
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Moses Maimonides
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defended judaism during the middle ages with aristotelian philosophy
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celibacy |
this has no place in judaism (with a few exceptions) |
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Philo of Alexandria |
scholar who interpreted hebrew scriptures allegorically in terms of philosophy |
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Saul |
the first king of the hebrew nation, in the land of Canaan |
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Exodus |
the most important event in the history of the jewish people; where Moses led them out of Egypt |
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family |
this is the sociological bedrock of jewish life |
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Joshua |
after moses died, he took command of the hebrews |
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King Cyrus |
led the jews out of exile in babylon |
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Hebrews |
another name for jews in the days of Abraham |
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rabbis |
Hille, Gamaliel, and the Pharisees were all these |
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Talmud |
composed of the mishnah and gemara |
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Ezra |
compiled and edited jewish scriptures to form the Torah |
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Mendelssohn |
defended Judaism during enlightenment period with rational thought |
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tabernacle |
moveable shrine of judiasm |
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anti-semetic |
hate towards jews |
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semites |
most descendants of Genesis, Noah descendants, Hebrews
often have no home |
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Persian |
after this empire was conquered by alexander the great, zoroastrianism fell into decline |
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Zarathustra |
Zoroaster's original name |
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parsees |
the Zoroastrians currently living in Iran and India, originating from Persia |
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chinvat bridge |
a bridge that a person crosses 4 days after death in zoroastrianism |
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angra mainyu |
the evil spirit and lord of lie in zoroastrianiam |
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ahura mazda |
the zoroastrian high god |
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amesha-spentas |
holy immortals / good spirits |
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Zendavesta |
zoroastrian scriptures |
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gathas |
early hymns of the early zoroastrians |
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Zoroastrianism |
a monotheistic faith, which later influenced western religions |
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spenta mainyu |
a beneficial spirit of goodness, emanating from ahura mazda |
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padum |
not a muhapatti, a cloth to ensure breath never reaches flame |
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eschatological |
starts with creation, ends climatically with emphasis on a dramatic end of world scenario |
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diva |
polytheistic god |