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74 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
--- Competitive ---
1) Graph? 2) What is the same? 3) What is different? |
2) Vmax
3) Km |
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--- Uncompetitive ---
1) Graph? 2) What is the same? 3) What is different? |
2) nothing
3) Km Vmax |
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--- Pure Non-Competitive ---
1) Graph? 2) What is the same? 3) What is different? |
2) Km
3) Vmax |
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Pure
Non-Competitive |
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Uncompetitive
mixed |
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Competitive
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--- Mixed Competition ---
1) Graph? 2) What is the same? 3) What is different? |
2) none
3) Vmax Km |
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Uncompetitive
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What units are Kcat in?
AKA... |
reciprocal time --- s-1
turnover number |
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How is Kcat calculated?
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Vmax
---------- [ET] ET=total enzyme |
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Kcat is the measure of...
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enzyme's catalytic efficiency @ saturation
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--- Specificity Constant ---
What are the units? How is it calculated? |
sex-1 M-1
Kcat ------- Km |
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The *** is more useful for comparing catalytic efficiencies under real-life cellular conditions.
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specificity constant
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--- Pure Non-Competitive ---
What is the formula for KI? |
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--- Mixed Non-Competitive ---
What is the formula for KI? |
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--- Uncompetitive ---
What is the formula for KI? |
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--- Competitive ---
What is the formula for KI? |
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--- General Inhibition ---
What is the formula? |
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--- Graphical Inhibition Estimation ---
What is it called? What is used to chart it? |
Replot Method
X-Axis = [I] mM Y-Axis = Km/Vmax(slope) for Ki Y-Axis = 1/Vmax for Ki' |
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--- Hill Equation ---
1) X-Axis = ??? 2) Y-Axis = ??? 3) Hill coefficient (h or **) derived from? 4) Dissociation constant (***) derived from? |
1) X-Axis = log [S]
2) Y-Axis = log (V/Vmax-V) OR log(0/(1- 0) 3) nh = slope 4) -log Kd = y-intercept |
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*** ***: a measure of cooperativity between binding sites.
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Hill Coefficient
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Units for disassociation constants?
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mol/L
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--- Lineweaver-Burke Plot ---
1) Km? 2) Vmax? |
1) -1/x
2) 1/y |
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--- Ethanol Metabolism ---
1) High energy at *#* kcal/gram while 2) carbs/fats contains are ***/*** 3) Not created in mammals because of... |
1) 7
2) 4/9 3) pryuvate decarboxylase |
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--- Disaccharides ---
1) galactose --- glucose 2) fructose --- glucose 3) glucose --- glucose α(1→4) 4) glucose --- glucose α,α-1,1- |
1) Lactose
2) Sucrose 3) Maltose 4) Trehalose |
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Name two reducing sugars.
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Lactose
Maltose |
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Name two nonreducing sugars.
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Sucrose
Trehalose |
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--- MWC Model ---
Basis for Action of Allosteric Effectors 1) Inhibitors bind/stabilize the ***-form, *** the value of L. 2) Activators bind/stabilize the ***form, *** the value of L. 3) These enzymes will fall into either ***-Series or ***-Series. |
1) T --- increasing
2) R --- decreasing 3) K --- V |
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1) These are classifications of the *** Model
2) ***-Series enzymes change apparent Vmax not Km. 3) ***-Series enzymes change apparent Km not Vmax. |
1) MWC
2) V-Series 3) K-Series |
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Inhibition type?
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Uncompetitive
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Inhibition type?
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Non-Competitive
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Inhibition type?
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Competitive
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Inhibition type?
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Mixed
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*** Inhibition Is a Special Case of Mixed Inhibition
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Noncompetitive
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--- Hill Equation ---
What THREE things does it tell us? 1) ***(measurand) 2) ***(measurand) 3) if the plot is... |
1) h = cooperativity of B.S.(# of B.S.)
2) Kh = binding constant for ligand & proteins(or Kd) 3) hyperbolic or sigmoidal |
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*** effects: binding of ligand influences binding of a DIFFERENT ligand at DIFFERENT site.
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heterotropic
OR allosteric |
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*** effects: binding of ligand alters subsequent binding of IDENTICAL ligands at DIFFERENT site.
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homotropic
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*** *** cooperativity: Binding of 1st ligand increase affinity for binding other different ligands. (e.g. CO2 on O2).
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Heterotropic Positive
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*** *** cooperativity: Binding of 1st ligand decreases affinity for binding other similar ligands. (e.g. O2 on O2).
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Homotropic Negative
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*** Model accounts for BOTH positive & negative homotropic cooperativity.
*** Model accounts for ONLY positive homotropic cooperativity. |
KNF
MWC |
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--- Hill Coefficient---
1) h > 1 a LIGAND shows *** cooperativity. 2) h < 1 a LIGAND shows *** cooperativity. 3) h = 1 a LIGAND shows *** cooperativity |
1) positive --- ligand increases affinities
2) negative --- ligand decreases affinities 3) no |
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--- Hill Equation ---
*** is the binding constant. *** is the dissociation constant. |
Kh
Kd |
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-- Hill Coefficients---
When the h value for an effector goes 1) lower it means it's acting as an... 2) higher it means it's acting as an... |
1) positive heterotropic effector(activator)
2) negative heterotropic effector(inhibitor) |
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--- Hill Equation ---
1) Effector: higher h means it's a *** effector. 2) Ligand: higher h than 1 means has *** cooperativity. |
1) negative effector
2) positive |
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1) KNF Model?
2) MWC Model? 3) *** Model is AKA the Concerted or Symmetry model. |
1) Koshlad-Nemethy-Filmer Model
2) Monod-Wyman-Changeux Model 3) MWC |
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Enzyme w/negative homotropic cooperativity....
1) h value is *** than 1, 2) exhibits hyperbolic/sigmoidal kinetics, 3) is ***sistent with Koshland model, 4) is ***sistent with MWC model. |
1) less
2) sigmoidal 3) consistent 4) inconsistent |
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--- MWC Model ---
An ENZYME exhibiting postive homotropic cooperativity gives h values *less/more* than 1. |
more
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--- MWC Model ---
1) Allosteric inhibitors *** L and increase *** curve character. 2) Allosteric activators *** L and increase *** curve character. |
1) increase --- sigmoidal
2) decrease --- hyperbolic |
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--- Scatchard Plot ---
[Bound]\[Free] is on the ***-axis. |
Y-Axis?
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--- Scatchard Plot ---
1) Y-Axis? 2) X-Axis? |
1) [Bound]\[Free] or [MS]\[S]
2) [Bound] or [S] |
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What type of curve is this?
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sigmoidal curve
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What type of curve is this?
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hyperbolic curve
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What type of plot is this?
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hill plot
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What type of plot is this?
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scatchard plot
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--- Scatchard Plot ---
Top Green? Middle Blue? Bottom Red? |
positive cooperativity
no cooperativity negative cooperativity |
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1) What equation is this?
2) Describing what? |
1) Adair Equation
2) binding of a ligand to a dimeric protein. --- Describes binding under the KNF model. |
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1) Type of curve?
2) Ligand Binding Model? Two other forms? |
1) Sigmoidal Curve
2) Hill |
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Equation multiplied by Kd???
1) Type of Curve? 2) Ligand Binding Model? |
1) Sigmoidal Curve
2) Hill |
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--- Hexose Kinase ---
Three sugars? |
glucose
fructose mannose |
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1) Type of curve?
2) Ligand Binding Model? |
1) Hyperbolic Curve
2) Langmuir |
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--- Cooperativity Index ---
1) Unit is *** 2) Formula... |
1) Rx
2) 81^(1/h) |
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What formula is this?
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Cooperativity Index
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Inhibition type?
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General Inhibition
1 ligand 1 binding site |
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--- Cooperativity Index ---
1) If h > 1 a protein shows... 2) If h < 1 a protein shows... 3) If h = 1 a proteins shows... 4) if h = 1 then Rx is... |
--81^(1/h)--
1) positive cooperativity 2) negative cooperativity 3) no cooperativity 4) 81^(1/1) = 81 |
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--- Hill Equation---
General formula? -Mills said we should know- |
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--- MWC Equation ---
General formula? -Mills said we should know- |
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What equation is this?
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General Hill Equation
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What equation is this?
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General MWC Equation
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--- Analysis Technique ---
1) Hyperbolic Plot uses... Y-Axis = ??? X-Axis = ??? 2) Sigmoidal Plot uses... Y-Axis = ??? X-Axis = ??? |
1) Lineweaver-Burke Plot
X-Axis = 1/[S] Y-Axis = 1/Vmax 2) Hill Plot X-Axis = log [S] Y-Axis = log (V/Vmax-V) |
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--- Adair Equation ---
Equation? Protein w/*** ligand binding sites. -Mills said we should know |
two
--- Describes binding under the KNF model. |
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--- Structural Formulas ---
1) Ethanol 2) Acetaldehyde 3) Acetate/Acetic Acid |
1) CH3-CH2-OH
2) CH3-CHO 3) CH3-COOH |
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--- Units ---
1) Kb 2) Kd 3) kcat 4) Specificity constant |
1) Kb
2) Kd 3) (mM/min) or (molecules/sec) 4) M-1 s-1 (kcat/KM) |
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printerd
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printerd
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--- Replot Method ---
What is it used for? What's the main difference used w/in the method? |
Y-Axis
Ki = Km/Vmax(slope) Ki' = 1/Vmax X-Axis = [I] mM |