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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the values and rules of life recognized by individuals, groups or cultures seeking guidance in human conduct and what is god, bad, right, or wrong? |
Ethics |
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In making ethical calls in daily journalism, reporters must rely on? |
1. Personal training when you in what is right and wrong. 2. Formal training in ethics 3. Role models such as supervisors and co-workers. 4. Experience |
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Sissela Bok's Model for ethical decision making is based on what two premises? |
1. We must have empathy for the people involved in ethical decisions. 2. We must maintain social trust as a fundamental goal. |
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What is Bok's 3 step analysis of ethical questions? |
1. Consult your conscience about the rightness of an action. 2. Seek expert advice for alternatives to address the ethical problem. 3. Conduct discussion with affected parties and decide a course of action. Have imaginary conversations. |
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What was the philosophical principle of Plato? |
Good exists despite how society might conduct itself at the moment. |
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What was the philosophical principle of Aristotle? |
Individuals have the responsibility to act with virtue, even if the price includes giving up happiness and making sacrifices. |
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What was the philosophical principle of Thomas Hobbes? |
The people, not sovereign rulers possess true power. To use that power, people must be informed. |
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What was the philosophical principle of John Milton? |
1. Open marketplace of ideas 2. Truth will survive while false and unsound ideas will disappear if all express ideas freely. 3. Place facts before individuals and trust them to determine the truth. |
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What was the philosophical principle of Immanuel Kant? |
One should freely and rationally reason out what is good. If you think about an act rationally with the intent to be moral, then the act will be moral. |
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This is the measure of value for an ethical principle. The consequences of actions are important in deciding whether that are ethical. For instance it may be ethical to harm one person for the benefit of the larger group. Ethical conduct should aim at the general well being for the greatest number of people? |
Utilitarianism |
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This is trusting people's ability to make intelligent decisions and find truth if sufficient information is available in a free press operating in a free society. Implicit in this is the rejection of attempts by government or other institutions to restrict press freedom |
Libertarianism |
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This is being uninfluenced by emotion or personal prejudice. You are to gather, write, and organize material so as not to suggest a preference for one set of values or another. |
Objectivity |
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The goal of objectivity leads reporters to: |
1. Avoid activist involvement in the news 2. To keep their views out of writing 3. Strive to present al sides of an issue with balance and as dispassionately as possible |
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This is when a journalist has a sense of mission to serve not only their organization but the needs of the public and to be accountable to the public. |
Social Responsibility |
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This concept is used to goth censorship and to remove barriers to the free flow of information. This leads to the press serving as surrogates and to play a crucial role as a watchdog in democracy? |
People's Right to Know |
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What are some things that written codes of ethics typically address? |
1. Responsibility of the Press 2. Accuracy 3. Impartiality and fairness 4. Confidentiality of news sources 5. Conflict of Interest |
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What does an Ombudsman do in media organizations? |
Serves as a mediator/liason |
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In an effort to seek truth, journalists strive for the following goals: |
1. Accuracy 2. Honest 3. Objectivity 4. Balance 5. Fairness |
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This is using the correct facts and the right words and putting information in context? |
Accuracy |
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What are the 6 components of an attitude needed to ensure accuracy in stories? |
1. Respect the basics. Ask the 5 w's and the h. Appropriate attribution. 2. Respect for detail 3. Recognize your weaknesses. Seek out authoritative sources 4. Exercise Healthy Skepticism 5. Take advantage of adrenaline factor 6. No cop-out If you're not sure, hold it. |
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What are the key ways to avoid plagiarism? |
Citation and Attribution |
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What principles of journalism does plagiarism violate and how? |
1. Accuracy-doesn't give credit 2. Honesty--stealing work of others 3. Transparency--presenting work that isn't one's own |
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What's the difference in accuracy and honesty? |
1. Accuracy focuses on reporting information correctly. 2. Honesty requires that you select the information to be reported in a manner that the entire story is told without the story being slanted by the inclusion of some fats and the exclusion of others. |
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A story can be this_____ but not this______ |
1. Accurate 2. Honest |
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What are the procedures in uncovering/addressing dishonesty? |
1. Fabrication/sin of commission 2 Intentional omission 3. Unintentional omission 4. Selective quotation 5. Assuming too much: Don't draw faulty conclusions. 6. Failure to clarify type of information reported. 7. Failure to explain holes 8. Failure to set record straight |
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What does objectivity require? |
1. Presenting differing views of qualified sources 2. Avoiding partiality, bias, and favored treatment 3. Providing balance to present each side with fairness |
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A journalist's personal perceptions can endanger objectivity at these points: |
1. Story selection 2. Source selection 3. Fact selection and arrangement 4. Language selection 5. Timing and context |
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What are two major areas of concern regarding balance and fairness? |
1. External access concern. Do all segments of society have their view represented in a fair and balanced manner. 3. Internal story structure concern. Is story strutted in a fair and balanced manner. |
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How can a journalist achieve ensured fairness in reporting? |
1. Provide equal access 2. Get all the sides. Give everyone opportunity to respond. 3. Usually equally credible information. |
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Where do journalists have an opportunity to push a view if they cannot be objective reporters? |
Advocacy press |
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This not found in mainstream journalism but is the expectation among communities that news will report about things relevant and helpful for the community and serve as an advocate for the community? |
Boosterism (Advocacy Journalism) |
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How does the responsible practice of journalism help protect freedom of the press? |
1. Helps to avoid any questions of credibility 2. Helped to avoid any increased regulations |
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Why are journalists hesitant to include enforcement provisions in codes of ethics? |
1. To protect themselves from any kind of legal actions. 2. To avoid interference from others |
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What are some of the Seattle Times Plagiarism guidelines? |
Honesty/integrity: Readers expect The Times to talk straight to them.Plagiarism is deception. Accuracy: Readers expect The Times to make every effort to presentinformation that is correct. The newspaper can’t vouch for the accuracy ofmaterial that is plagiarized.Transparency: Readers deserve to know where The Times gets theinformation it publishes. Plagiarism deprives them of that knowledge. |