Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
92 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Media Literacy
|
ability to understand, analyze, and use words, images, sounds, and multimedia formats (set of perspectives that we use to process media
|
|
|
4 Dimensions for Analysis
|
Communication Technologies, Economics of Mediated Communication, Functions of Media in Everyday Life, Meaning of Messages in the Media
|
|
|
Communication Technologies
|
understanding how new media changes and how the new media is changed by us
|
|
|
Economics of Mediated Communication
|
how ownership and profit influence who gets to say and sell what to whom, how big companies shape culture and journalism
|
|
|
Functions of Media in Everyday Life
|
being aware of how we use media and their contents to satisfy your personal and social interaction (use to fit in, entertainment, and shape personal identity)
|
|
|
Meaning of Message in the Media
|
questioning how others select and shape the "stories" that validate (or negate) your life
|
|
|
Autopilot
|
when our minds protect us against the large flood of media messages, allows mass media to condition our thought process
|
|
|
Direct Exposure
|
when we perceive a media message (listen to music)
|
|
|
Indirect Exposure
|
when we think about some element in a media message
|
|
|
Automatic Routines
|
sequences of behaviors or thoughts that we learn from experience and then apply with little effort (ex: brushing teeth)
|
|
|
Automaticity
|
state where our minds operate without any conscious effort from us
|
|
|
3 Building Block
|
Personal locus, knowledge structures, skills
|
|
|
Personal Locus:
|
goals and drives
|
|
|
Knowledge Structures
|
sets of organized information in memory, the "how and why"
|
|
|
Factual vs. Social Information
|
Factual: raw facts Social: accepted beliefs that are not verified |
|
|
Skills
|
analysis, evaluation, grouping, induction and deduction, synthesis , abstraction (skills that help us perceive media |
|
|
Media is Multidimensional
|
Cognitive: facts and thinking Emotional: attachment, feelings Aethetic: beauty Moral: Values |
|
|
Characteristics of "New Media"
|
1. Internet blurs distinction between individual and mass audiences (many to many) 2. Notion of known senders & anonymous receivers became problematic 3. Communication is interactive Interactiveness blurs distinction between producers and receivers |
|
|
Users
|
audience and readers of media
|
|
|
Technological Determinism
|
overstating influence of media technology by claiming it dictates processes of social change (emphasizes technology effects on user |
|
|
Radio
|
Invented by Marconi Then called Wireless Conflict between government and amatuers Amatuers began entertainment of radio |
|
|
Radio Act of 1912
|
regulated use of airwaves by requiring all transmitting stations to be licensed by federal government -Created centralized licensed senders and large number listeners |
|
|
1% Rule
|
for every person who creates content, 99 people do not
|
|
|
90-9-1 Principle
|
web participation = 90% users are lurkers, 9% sometimes provide content, 1% are contributors
|
|
|
Creators
|
make content for others
|
|
|
Conversationalists
|
share opinions with consumers |
|
|
Critics
|
Respond to others' content
|
|
|
Collectors
|
Organize content for themselves/others
|
|
|
Joiners
|
Maintain a profile on social-networking issues
|
|
|
Spectators
|
Consume content generated by others
|
|
|
Inactives
|
Neither create nor consume media
|
|
|
Medium Theory
|
Body of literature that focuses on the technological aspects of media beyond content (Meyrowitz) |
|
|
Media's Impact on Time and Space
|
-Never-Ending News -Time Shifting (practice of recording media) -Place Shifting (enabling users to access media anywhere) -Binge Viewing |
|
|
Neil Postman
|
increase of television leads to decrease of seriousness in life With new technology: news didn't have to be geographically relevant, connect to action, increased speed, decreased content |
|
|
Culture of Distraction
|
New culture where new skills like retrieving and receiving are more important than understanding
|
|
|
Portals
|
Gatekeep sites where users start exploring web
|
|
|
Search Engines
|
help users find what they want
|
|
|
Social Construction
|
uses of media are determined by social forces and human agency
|
|
|
Social Forces
|
government, social norms, market pressure
|
|
|
Human Agency
|
individual ability to influence the development and application of media technology
|
|
|
Meyrowitz
|
-Medium Theory and situational geography -TV Blurs Social boundary (child v. adult) -Children Grow Up Faster, have same access as adults |
|
|
McLuhan
|
-Medium is the Message -Global Village |
|
|
Postman
|
Print vs. Image -Loss of context and literacy -Less serious and less rational |
|
|
Modern Theories
|
-Often critical of new media -Don't like the "happy thoughts" New media discourages reading and rigorous thinking, increases attention deficit culture, alters brain development, and encourages selfish society |
|
|
Janus Principle
|
think about potential drawbacks and benefits (pros and cons) of media
|
|
|
Cognitive Type Effect
|
when media effects what we know, uses social models to teach info
|
|
|
Belief Type Effect
|
-belief: faith that something is real or true -media shows us values in fictional and people in news |
|
|
Attitudinal Type Effect
|
Attitudes evaluate judgements about things -when the media shows us how we should feel about things |
|
|
Emotional Type Effect
|
media makes us feel things
|
|
|
Desensitization
|
Overtime you lose sympathy for victims both in media portrayals and in real life
|
|
|
Physiological Type Effect
|
Influence automatic bodily functions, beyond conscious control
|
|
|
Behavioral Type Effect
|
media triggers actions Long Term Effect example: overtime you visit fewer sites but spend more time on them |
|
|
Macro Type Effects:
|
media also influences larger units like society, family
|
|
|
Valence of Effects
|
Positive: Media effects help you achieve personal goals Negative: When media goals conflict with personal goals |
|
|
Manifested Effects
|
effects we can easily observe
|
|
|
Process Effects
|
always in process of being influenced by mass media messages
|
|
|
Baseline Effects:
|
typical degree of risk that continues over time (normal behaviors)
|
|
|
Fluctuation Effects
|
sudden spike from normal baseline, usually temporary, after a time risk level returns to base level (ex: when you get mad at something on tv)
|
|
|
Influencing Baseline Factors
|
Developmental Maturities, Cognitive Abilities, Knowledge Structures, Sociological Factors, Lifestyle, Personal Locus |
|
|
Fluctuation Factors
|
Content of Messages, context of portrayals, cognitive complexity, motivations, state of minds, degree of identification
|
|
|
Cognitive Ignorance
|
confronting information about a topic where you have no context of background information, usually shortlived
|
|
|
3rd Person Effect
|
they are effected not me
|
|
|
Cumulative Effect
|
looking at a lifetime's exposure/ consumption of pattern
|
|
|
Field Dependancy
|
ability to separate noise and media messages (more exposure to diverse media means less likely to believe nonfacts) |
|
|
4 Dimensional Perspectives of Media Effects
|
timing, types, valence, intentionality
|
|
|
Herbert Blumer
|
The mass is: 1. Membership from all walks of life 2. Anonymous 3. Little interaction between members of the mass 4. Mass is loosely organized |
|
|
Uses and Gratifications
|
use of media is highly selective and motivated activity, we use media to get a gratification -Active Audience |
|
|
Why we use media:
|
1. Informational 2. Personal Identity 3. Integration and Social Interaction (sense of belonging) 4. Entertainment |
|
|
Reception Analysis (Audience Centered Theory)
|
audiences decode/interpret media tests in ways in which they subjectively experience those circumstances
|
|
|
Bullet Theory (Hyperdermic Needle)
|
pessimistic theory, powerful media exposure with passive audience
|
|
|
Agenda Setting
|
claims media set our agenda by telling us what's important
|
|
|
Socialization Effect
|
how the media makes us think about society
|
|
|
Generalization Effects
|
creating stereotypes
|
|
|
Misrepresentation
|
misleading or untrue representation of an individual or a group
|
|
|
Stereotype
|
shorthand used to classify individuals and groups, often simplified, overgeneralized and biased
|
|
|
Henry Louis Gates
|
professor at Harvard, saying that there is very little connection between social status of African Americans and the way they are represented in media images
|
|
|
Emmett Till Generation
|
media showed image of the brutality of African Americans during civil rights movement that caused negativity in international affairs and some action against brutality
|
|
|
Spike Lee's Do the Right Thing
|
shows conflict of representation (Italian Pizza Parlor v. African American)
|
|
|
60 Minutes Tobacco Video
|
shows how companies can influence what journalists are allowed to broadcast -scare media with billion dollar lawsuits |
|
|
AT&T Video
|
technology is a quick moving platform for info (girl who as crush on boy tells friends and information spreads to the boy) |
|
|
Diner video
|
-Husband and Wife fighting over record organization -shows the different uses of media and how we use media to create our identity |
|
|
Visa Commercial
|
Father wants to get daughter everything she wants (like an elephant) -shows how media can influence values and stereotypes |
|
|
In Real Life Video
|
British people video about girl with blackberry and shows how media and technology has become such a crucial part of our lives and its negative effects on children
|
|
|
Consuming Kids Video
|
Shows how advertisements are trying to catch consumers from the minute they get out of the womb and hold them until they die
|
|
|
Killing Us Softly Video
|
Focuses on the negative ways media portray women (dismemberment, objectification, sexualized)
|
|
|
Amos and Andy Video
|
Showing racial stereotypes of African Americans through an all African American Cast
|
|
|
Pocahontas Video
|
Showed how slowly American media is trying to incorporate the importance of ethnic identity. Melting Pot is out, ethnic diversity and identity in |
|
|
CBS Eating Disorder Video
|
media's images of women's bodies have caused the increased of dieting and increased consciousness of body images
|
|
|
Binary Opposition
|
the opposition between two forces -patriarchal stereotype: men and boys media images vs. women and girls images |
|
|
Complimentary Copy
|
how ads control magazines content stories reflects ads |
|
|
Ethnocentrism
|
when you judge others based on your way
|
|
|
Pathology
|
making body that is normal seem abnormal so people will want to fix it and be willing to buy things for it
|
