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74 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the elements in the Communication Process?
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Source, Message, Channel, and receiver
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Define the two different types of noise
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semantic and channel(mechanical and environmental)
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Define the three points of Klapper
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selective attention, selective perception, and selective retention
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What is S-R-R?
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Stimulus, Response, and Reinforcement
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What is Leon Festinger associated with?
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cognitive dissonance
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Name two different types of mass communication dealing with the internet
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E-mail, chatrooms
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What is "mass communication"?
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a message delivered to mass audiences with usually no immediate feedback.
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Name the breakdown of mass communication (5 points)
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produced by complex and formal organizations, have multiple gatekeepers, need a great deal of money to operate, exist to make a profit, and are highly competitive.
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Define "gatekeepers"
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someone or something that controls distribution of information
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Know what Segmentation and Fractionalization mean
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S-audience broken, F-different channels
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Name the three main functions of mass communication
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to inform, to entertain, and economic conductor (advertising)
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Define Surveillance and the other three estates
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Surveillance: watch dog function, 4th estate. 3 Branches of Gov. the other three estates
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Define parasocial relationships (soaps)
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where characters become real to you.
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Name two dysfunctions of mass communications
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(lower)reading, (not enough) physical excercise
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Name the first great legal document
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Code of Hammurabi, Sumeria, 2000 BC
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What did Johann Gutenberg do?
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Invent the printing press with moveable metal type, responsible for much social change
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Name the two key communication inventions of the Age of Invention and Discovery
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telegraph and telephone
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What did Samuel F. B. Morse invent?
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the telegraph
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What did Alexander Graham Bell invent?
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the telephone
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What did Joseph Niepce and Louis Daguerre do?
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first came up with method to retain image (early photography)
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What did George Eastman's Kodak company do?
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first to use flexible celleuloid film.
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Who was Mathew Brady?
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famous Civil War photographer
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Who was Margaret Bourke-White?
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first nationally known photojournalist
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what is vaudeville?
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travelling live entertainment
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what is WSM?
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clear channel, "Grand O'l Opry"
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What does "PDA" stand for?
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Personal digital assistants (mobile parenting)
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Who was William Caxton?
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associated with first press in England
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What are the three philosophies of the role of the press?
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Authoritarian, Libertarian, Social Responsibility
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What did Adam Smith and John Milton believe?
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free and open marketplace.
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What did Justice William Blackstone define freedom of the press as?
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no prior restraint
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When did Oliver Wendell Holmes say that "no prior restraint" could be violated?
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when there is clear and present danger
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What did the Court of Star Chamber do?
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cruel punishment for printers who did not have liscence from gov. to print. If accused, thats it. No defense.
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What was the John Peter Trial for, and who was the lawyer?
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truth as a defense for libel, and Andrew Hamilton
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Who was Benjamin Harris?
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first American newspaper in Boston, Public Occurances
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Who was John Campbell?
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First regular weekly newspaper, Boston News Letter
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Who was James Franklin?
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first colonial paper printed in defiance of authority, The New England Courant
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What did Mary Katherine Goddard do?
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printed copies of the Declaration of Independence
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Name the two types of Colonial papers
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mercantile and political
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Define Federalist (name and one thing)
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Alexander Hamilton, strong central gov,
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Define Republican (name and two things)
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Thomas Jefferson, strong states rights, libertarian
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What did the Alien and Sedition Acts do?
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made it illegal to falsely criticize the government
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The First publishers of the United States were primarily what?
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printers, not editors
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What was the first Indian Newspaper?
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the Cherokee Phoenix, both in English and Cherokee
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Who was involved with Andrew Jackson's "kitchen cabinet"?
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Amos Kendall and Francis Blair
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What did the Penny Press do?
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changed the economic basis of producing newspapers
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What did Benjamin Day do?
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editor of the New York Sun, first to have color and first to sell for a penny
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What did James Gordon Bennett do?
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known for "scoops"
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What is Horace Greely known for?
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first to have an editorial page
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Who was Margaret Fuller?
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first woman foreign correspondent
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Who were Henry Raymond and later Adolph Ochs known for?
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the New York Times, old gray lady, the newspaper of record
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What is Pulitzer known for?
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New York World
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What is William Randolph Hearst known for?
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New York Journal, used sensationalism. Battle with Pulitzer
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Yellow Journalism?
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from yellow kid cartoon, anything to sell papers and sensationalism
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tabloid design?
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front page looks like magazine cover, back page is lead page of sports section
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Impact of USA Today?
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Largest circulation, use of factoid
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What is Underground Press?
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started for a cause. ex. Rolling Stone
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What does TMC mean?
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total market coverage
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what is a shopper?
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free circulation paper
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what did tax laws do?
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decline in family ownership and rise in chain ownership largest is Gannett Company
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What are the three main departments of a newspaper?
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business, production, and news-editorial
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what are the three types of circulation?
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single copy sales, home delivery, mail
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What is a news hole?
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space left over
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what is pagination? What does it do?
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designing paper on a computer screen, eliminates pasting
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what does SAU stand for?
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Standard Advertising Unit
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How big is a pica?
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6 to an inch
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how big is a point?
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72 to an inch
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what is a jump?
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continued part of a story
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what is broadsheet?
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larger type of newspaper layout
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what is the masthead?
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block in first 4-6 pages says who is publisher, how it is mailed
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what is the folio?
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name, page number, and date
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what is the nameplate?
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tells name of the paper
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what is letterpress?
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oldest printing process, presses letters to paper "hot lead"
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what is offset lithography?
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second type of printing process, most used
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what is gravure?
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fine printing process
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