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135 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the senior AF element of the TACS that is deployable?
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The Air & Space Operations Center
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What Develops & Executes the ATO & ACO?
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The Air & Space Operations Center
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What are the 5 divisions of the AOC?
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1. Strategy Division (next week's war)
2. Combat Plans Division (Tomorrow's War) 3. Combat Ops Division (Today's War) 4. Air Mobility Division - Airlift 5. ISR Division |
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What division's primary function is to produce the ATO?
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Combat Plans Division
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What division's primary function is to execute the ATO?
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Combat Ops Division
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The Air Mobility Division is responsible for...
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Airlift
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What are the liaison elements within the AOC?
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BCD (Army)
MARLO (Marine) NALE (Navy) SOLE (Spec Ops Air) SOCCE (Spec Ops Ground) AME Coalition AF |
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What kinds of information are in the ATO?
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Operational Level:
Msn # A/C Callsign Type A/C # A/C Mission type, target, TOT Ordnance |
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How long is the AOC Planning Cycle?
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48 hours
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What is the senior liaison and control agency between the AF and the Army?
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The Air Support Operations Center (ASOC)
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The ASOC is doctrinally located with an Army _______
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Corps, but can be located at Division if there is no Corps
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The ASOC is subordinate to the ______ and is responsible for decentralized execution of ______.
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AOC
CAS |
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The ASOC mission is rapid reaction to immediate requests for _____
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CAS
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What are the Four main ASOC functions?
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1. Integrate Air & Space ops w/in the corps
2. Process requests for immediate CAS 3. Advise AOC of air effort needed to fulfill Army needs 4. Advise Army on use of air support |
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What is the ASOC's role with J-SEAD?
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1. Plan LOCALIZED J-SEAD
2. Nominate targets 3. Coordinate J-SEAD ops w/ AOC & TACP |
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Preplanned ASRs are sent via _________ channels to ____________________...ultimately to the _____ in the _____.
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1. Army
2. next higher echelons 3. BCD 4. AOC |
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Immediate ASRs are sent through _________channels via _______ to the ___________.
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Air Force
JARN ASOC |
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With immediate ASRs _______ is consent.
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"silence"
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_________ is the determination and assignment of the total expected air effort by _______ and/or ________... this is a decision made by the JFC.
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Air Apportionment
Percentage Priority |
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What types of Air Missions are apportioned by the JFC?
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Counter Air (CA)
Strategic Attack (SA) Counterland - CAS & AI Recon Airlift EW |
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The ___________ is the service component commander with preponderance of air assets and C2 structure to support operations.
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JFACC
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What three roles is the JFACC given?
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Air Component Commander
Airspace Control Authority (ACA) Area Air Defense Commander (AADC) |
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____________ is the tranlation of the air apportionment decision into total numbers of sorties by aircraft type available for each operation or task.
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Air Allocation
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Who makes the Air Allocation decision?
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JFACC
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The ________ receives orders and combat tasking from the AOC and schedules ATO into specific missions, sorties and crew.
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Wing Operations Center (WOC)
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_______ is the service component commander with the preponderance of land forces and the C2 to support operations.
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JFLCC
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The _______ distributes air sorties based on JFC guidance.
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JFLCC
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________ is a further subdivision of the allocation process in which allocated CAS sorties are distributed among the various land maneuver units.
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Distribution
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The ____ cell is a part of each echelon's command post and is responsible for all fires on surface targets.
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Fires
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The ______ is organic at Corps, Division,, and Battalion levels and coordinates airspace use and users.
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Airspace Command and Control Element (AC2)
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The ______ performs the AC2 function at the BCT level.
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Air Defense Airspace Mgmt / Bridgate Aviation Element
(ADAM/BAE) |
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The _____ represents the JFLCC in the AOC and is the senior Army liaison to the TACS.
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Battlefield Coordination Detachment (BCD)
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The _____ provides Army expertise to Air Force fighter and airlift wings.
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Ground Liaison Officer (GLO)
Works for BCD Works with WOC |
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The ______ is the senior Air Force liaison to the AAGS and is collocated w/ the JFLCC staff.
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Air Component Coordination Element (ACCE)
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THe ______ is the senior USAF radar element, subordinate to the AOC.
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CRC Control & Reporting Center
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Air Defense provides _______ to the regional air defense command (RADC) to assist in the rapid engagement of airborne targets.
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Air Defense Artillery Fire Control Officer (ADAFCO)
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The _______ is data-linked to the CRC and receives firing instructions from the CRC for Air Defense.
Has PATRIOT battery |
Air Defense Artillery Brigade (ADA)
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The _______ is the designated replacement HQ for the ADA brigade and has short-range air defense assets (SHORAD).
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ADA Battalion
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The ______ commander is the echelon above corps ADA commander, the JFLCC's theater army air and missile defense coordinator.
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Army Air and Missile Defense Commander
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The _______ is the primary interface at the JAOC for all land-based active defense force operations.
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Army Air and Missile Defense Command liaison team
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The ______ is the air advisor to the Army unit commanders and located at each echelon from battalion through corps.
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Tactical Air Control Party
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What two things are the TACP responsible for?
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Liaison
Control |
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The _______ is subordinate to the CRC and serves as its alternate.
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Airborne Warning and Control System (AWACS)
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The ________ provides Corps and Division-level data to commanders via a common ground station.
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Joint Surveillance Target Attack Radar System (JSTARS)
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The ______ is the airborne extension of the TACP, and can provide target marking, weaponeering, and final control.
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Forward Air Controller (Airborne) FAC(A)
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The _____ owns the Amphibious Tactical Air Control System (ATACS).
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Commander Amphibious Task Force (CATF)
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All a/c entering the amphibious objective area (AOA) must coordinate w/ the ____prior to entering.
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CATF
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When AOA is disestablished, airspace goes back to the ______.
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JFACC
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What 2 separate subsystems comprise the ATACS?
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1. Afloat - Navy Tactical Air Control System (NTACS)
2. Ashore - Marine Air Command and Control System (MACCS) |
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The _______ is the senior naval air control agency within the AOA and is equivalent to the AOC in the TACS/AAGS.
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Tactical Air Control Center (TACC)
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The _______ is the senior agency of the MACCS.
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Tactical Air Command Center
(TACC) |
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What marine agency is the like the ASOC and is responsible for the execution of immediate CAS and assault support?
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Direct Air Support Center
(DASC) |
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Who owns AOA airspace?
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CATF
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What is the order of preference in the different types of doctrine?
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1. Multinational
2. Joint 3. Multi-service 4. Service |
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_____ doctrine is between two or more services and has been promulgated by the Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff (CJCS).
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Joint
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Combatant commanders may establish what two types of commands?
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1. Service component commands
2. Functional component commands |
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The purpose of what chain of command is to organize, train, equip and provide forces for the combatant commands?
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Administrative Chain of Command
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Combatant command - is it transferable?
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NO
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Who holds combatant command (COCOM)?
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Combatant commanders
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Is OPCON transferable?
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YES
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What are the five component commands under USSOCOM?
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1. Army Spec Ops Command
2. Naval Special Warfare Command 3. Marine Spec Ops Command 4. AF Spec Ops Command 5. Joint Spec Ops Command |
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What are the 9 core tasks of USSOCOM?
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1. Direct Action (DA)
2. Special Recon (SR) 3. Combating Terrorism (CBT) 4. Unconventional Warfare (UW) 5. Foreign Internal Defense (FID) 6. Psychological Operations (PSYOPS) 7. Civil Affairs (CA) 8. Counter-Prol. of WMD's 9. Information Ops (IO) |
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What is the Air Spec Ops Liaison?
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SOLE - Spec Ops Liaison Element
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What is the land spec ops liaison?
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Special Operations Command and Control Element (SOCCE)
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"Conduct prompt and sustained operations from the sea..." is the primary mission of _______.
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The Navy
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What are the 6 fundamental warfare tasks of the NAVY?
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1. Air Warfare (AW)
2. Surface Warfare (SW) 3. Undersea Warfare (UW) 4. Strike Warfare (STW) 5. Amphibious Warfare (AMW) 6. Mine Warfare (MIW) |
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What four types of warfare does a CSG employ?
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1. STW
2. AW 3. UW 4. SW |
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What are the three USMC warfighting philosophies?
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1. Maneuver warfare
2. Firepower & mobility 3. Combined Arms |
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What type of Marine unit is the largest and most combat-capable?
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the MEF (Marine Expeditionary Force)
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Which Marine unit is the most responsive but has the least firepower cape?
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MEU
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What term is similar to the AF concept of Air Interdiction?
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Deep Air Support
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What are the seven tenets of air & space power?
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1. Centralized control / decentralized execution
2. Flexibility & versatility 3. Synergistic Effects 4. Persistence 5. Concentration 6. Priority 7. Balance |
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______ is defined as air action by fixed- and rotary-wing a/c against hostile targets that are in close proximity to friendly forces and require detailed integration...
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Close Air Support (CAS)
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The ______ is the basic fighting unit of the Air Force.
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Squadron
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What 3 elements make up the commander's visualization (Army)?
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1. Area of Operations
2. Area of Influence 3. Area of Interest |
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What four things make up the full spectrum of Army operations?
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1. Offensive ops
2. Defensive ops 3. Stability ops 4. Civil support ops |
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The ______ is the basic combined-arms building block of the Army.
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Brigade Combat Team (BCT)
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The ___________ is the lowest Army echelon at which manuever, intelligence and support are combined under one commander.
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Battalion (BN)
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What are the 3 types of Maneuver Brigade Comat Teams (BCT)?
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Heavy
Infantry Stryker |
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____ is a systematic, continuous process of analyzing the threat and environment.
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IPB
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What are the four steps in the IPB process?
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1. Define operational environment
2. Describe environment's effects 3. Produce evaluation of the threat 4. Develop possible enemy COA's |
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__________ is an asset that the enemy commander requires for the successful accomplishment of his mission.
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High Value Target (HVT)
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_______ are targets which are critical to friendly success.
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High Payoff Targets (HPT)
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A ______ is a point or area usually along an avenue of approach or mobility corridor where activity, or lack of, will help confirm or deny a particular enemy COA.
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Named Area of Interest (NAI)
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What are the Advantages & Disadvantages of HUMINT?
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Advantages: Enemy intentions, plans, doctrine, leadership, morale
Disadvantages: Not consistently available, not timely, reliability of foreign sources problematic |
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What are the advantages and disadvantages of IMINT?
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Adv: Provides enemy location & mvt, ideal for early warning, accurate for maps, near-real-time
Disadv: Dep. on light & wx, radar systems active transmitters, tactical IMINT not always real-time, limited sources & platforms |
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What are the advantages and disadvantages of SIGINT?
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Adv: Rapid equip. i.d. & geolocation, excellent source of EOB
Disadv: Susceptible to deception, must have LOS, resource intensive, limited distribution |
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A _______ is a specific question addressed to a unit S2?
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Request for Information (RFI)
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What are the three critical elements of an RFI?
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1. Latest time information is of value (LTIOV)
2. Location 3. The question |
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A _______ is the processing of available information to ascertain a level of acceptable risk to friendly forces or noncombatants.
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Tactical Risk Assessment
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Who makes the Tactical Risk Assessment decision?
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The lowest level supported commander with advice from CAS experts.
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Type ____ terminal attack control is used when the risk assessment requires the JTAC to visually acquire the attacking aircraft AND the target under attack.
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1
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With Type 1 CAS control, the attack aircraft will ________
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visually acquire target or mark
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Type _____ control will be used when the JTAC desires control of individual attacks and:
1. JTAC is unable to visually acquire the attacking a/c at weapons release 2. JTAC is unable to visually acquire target 3. Attacking a/c is unable to acquire target/mark prio to weapons release |
2
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Type ____ control is used when the JTAC requires ability to provide clearance for multiple attacks within a single engagement.
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3
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T/F: Type 3 control does not require the JTAC to visually acquire the aircraft or the target.
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True
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What are the 5 W's about CAS?
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1. Where will we use CAS?
2. What enemy formation will we attack with CAS? 3. Who will control the CAS? 4. Where will the TACP be loacted and how will we use a FAC(A)? 5. What deconfliction/coord. is needed? |
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CAS planners should develop and submit initial CAS requests during __________.
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Mission Analysis
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A _____ is a three-dimensional block of airspace in a target area in which friendly aircraft are reasonably safe from surface fires.
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Airspace Coordination Area (ACA)
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What is a formal ACA?
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An ACA that is found in the ACO
- inflexible - effective date/time group |
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What is an informal ACA?
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Not in ACO
- short time duration - can be flexible |
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What are the six characteristics of an effective ACA?
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1. Cover ingress, egress, employment & holding
2. Easily identified from air 3. Allow simultaneous arty & CAS 4. Include lateral and vertical limits 5. Simple to put in effect 6. Deconflicted from known/templated threats. |
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What are the airspace requirements of fixed-wing CAS aircraft?
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1. Turning Room
2. Low vs. Medium/High Altitude Tactics 3. Holding 4. Ingress/Egress/Stand-off Weapons 5. Employment |
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What are the airspace rules of thumb for holding?
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1. Fixed-wing cannot hover
2. Fighters: 10nmx5nm, low or medium altitude; bombers need more 3. CGRS great way to quickly establish holding airspace |
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What are the airspace rules of thumb for ingress/egress?
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1. CAS a/c require sufficient airspace to manuever as a tactical formation
2. High speed aircraft: plan at 10nm to 15nm IP to target and at least 3 nm wide |
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What are the airspace rules of thumb for employment?
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1. Conventional deliveries require 3nm to 5nm radius about target (low or med alt)
2. JTAC can readjust (off-set) airspace w/ procedural controls... |
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This type of SEAD is: wide operations conducted against specific enemy air defense systems to degrade their effectiveness or destroy them.
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AOR / JOA Air Defense System Suppression
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This type of SEAD is: operations that are normally confined to geographical areas associated with specified ground targets or friendly transit routes - local air superiority.
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Localized Suppression
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This type of SEAD is: suppression via individual aircraft self-defense measures - usually unplanned.
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Opportune Suppression
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What are the two ways to accomplish J-SEAD?
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Destructive - permanent destruction of enemy air defenses (DEAD)
Disruptive - temporarily deny, degrade, deceive, delay, or neutralize enemy air defense systems. |
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What are the three primary objectives of J-SEAD planning?
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1. Accomplish an accurate appraisal
2. Decide on scope, magnitude, and duration of SEAD ops 3. Determine capes of available suppression assets |
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What are the USAF systems used for J-SEAD?
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F-16CJ
EC-130 RC-135 E-3 AWACS |
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What are Navy systems used for J-SEAD?
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EA-6B
EA-18G F/A-18 EP-3 |
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What are Army systems used for J-SEAD?
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Ground-based
RC-12 Special Ops |
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What are Allies' SEAD systems?
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F-16C
F-18 ECR Tornado RAF Tornado |
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What are the mandatory readback items on the CAS 9-Line?
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Lines 4, 6 and Restrictions
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_____ is a target description technique that starts big-to-small, known to unknown
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Target-Talk-On
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With BDA, ____________________ at a minimum is required.
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Successful or Unsuccessful
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T/F: With BDA, if you don't see it, don't report it!
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True
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What are the advantages for Medium & High Altitude Tactics?
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Lower fuel consumption
Reduced Nav. difficulties Improved formation control & mutual support Less concentration on terrain avoidance Reduced exposure to AAA & IR MANPADS Ability to roll-in from any axis |
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What are the Medium/High Altitude Tactic Disadvantages?
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Increases enemy threat detection, & preparation time
May be difficult for JTAC to visually acquire aircraft May be difficult for aircrew to visually acquire target May require high weather ceilings Requires local air superiority |
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What are the Low/Very Low Altitude Tactic Advantages?
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Decreases enemy threat detection
Local air superiority not needed Reduced detection by enemy intercept radar Improves target acq. & accuracy of weapons delivery |
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What are the Low/Very Low Altitude Tactic Disadvantages?
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Terrain may reduce comms
Exposure to small arms, MANPADS, & AAA Nav. more demanding Terrain avoidance and formation control are primary tasks Higher fuel consumption |
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The ________ is the operational component of a TACS designed to provide air liaison to land forces and for the control of aircraft.
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TACP
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What does ROMAD stand for?
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Recon, Observe, Mark, and Destroy
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What types of a/c can perform the FAC(A) role?
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A-10
F-16 F/A-18 AV-8B |
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What two things does the TACP do?
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1. Liaison for CAS & localized SEAD
2. Control - terminal attack control for CAS missions |
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A ____________ is a qualified service member who, from a forward position, directs the action of combat aircraft engaged in CAS and other offensive air operations.
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Joint Terminal Attack Controller (JTAC)
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What are the advantages of using AC-130 gunships?
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Precision Firepower
Limited Collateral Damage Long Loiter Time Flexible Weapons system Dual target attack |
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What are the disadvantages of using gunships?
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No hard target kill cape
Must operate in low to medium threat weather limited operates strictly at night very limited number of aircaft must calibrate guns for precision fires |
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What types of radar are used by the AC-130H and AC-130U?
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AC-130H has APQ-150
AC-130U has APQ-180 |
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What weapons are on the H-model AC-130?
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40mm cannon - urban terrain
105mm cannon - personnel, materials, light-medium structures |
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What weapons are on the U-model AC-130?
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25mm - GAU 12, personnel & light skin vehicles under light cover
40mm 105mm |
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Explain the AC-130 Call for Fire format:
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1. Observer/Warning Order
2. Friendly Location/Mark 3. Target Location 4. Target Description/Mark 5. Remarks |
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What are the minimum safe distances for the AC-130 weapons?
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105mm - inside 165m
40 mm - inside 75 m 25 mm - inside 65 m |
