Jazz1

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The slave trade commenced in what is now the United States in ---- when slaves were first brought to Jamestown, Virginia and continued unabated throughout the 17th and 18th centuries.

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1619

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New Orleans - Founded by a Scottish businessman who received permission to sell land to settlers in FRENCH own Louisiana swamps.

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1718

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New Orleans Land wouldn’t sell so the French government starting loading up and sending prisoners and other undesirables, including a shipment of prostitutes in.

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1721

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New Orleans was owned by Spain

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1764-1800

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The first independent black church in America, the African Methodist Episcopal Church (A.M.E.) was organized in ---- by the Rev. Richard Allen.

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1793

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Allen published a hymnal entitled A Collection of Spiritual Songs and Hymns Selected from Various Authors. It contained text but no music.

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1801

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New Orleans had been settled by not only French, but also German, Italian, Irish and Spanish immigrants.

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1800

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THE SECOND AWAKENING - A particularly strong religious movement from -----1830. During this period large camp meetings were held throughout the South with active participation by both blacks and poor whites, and new songs were introduced. Characterized by camp meetings attended by thousands of people and lasting for days at a time.

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1800

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April 30th) LOUISIANA PURCHASE. France sold the entire Louisiana Territory to the United States as part of the agreement made between Napoleon Bonaparte and President Thomas Jefferson.

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1803

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By ---- when activists from the Abolitionist Movement finally persuaded Congress to outlaw the further importing of slaves, there were 400,000 native born Africans in America living alongside hundreds of thousands of descendents of native born Africans.

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1807

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By the beginning of the Civil War in ----, it is estimated that there were approximately four million slaves in the United States.

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1861

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French Opera House Built and becomes world renowned for its quality.

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1813

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Congo Square is located just north of the French Quarter in what is now Louis Armstrong Park. It was an empty lot in ---- when city officials allowed public performances there by slaves on Sundays as a sort of safety valve to prevent uprisings.

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1817

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Minstrelsy Emerged around ---- and reached its greatest popularity between 1850 and 1870.

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1820

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Mardi Gras was established in New Orleans

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1857

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Civil War

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1861-1865

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Emancipation - rural freed slaves arrived, bringing with them the sounds of work songs, field hollers, and eventually blues. The Emancipation Proclamation declared the freedom of all slaves in any state of the Confederate States of America that did not return to Union control by January 1, ----.

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1863

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Reconstruction (ended in 1877). "Reconstruction" is a term that refers to the policies implemented between 1863 and 1877 when the nation was focused on winning the Civil War, abolishing slavery, defeating the Confederacy, reconstructing the nation and amending the US Constitution. Reconstruction was when the Federal government controlled social legislation in the South that was introduced to grant new rights to freed black citizens.

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1865

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approximately 4 million slaves are now free according to a national census.

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1865

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number of lynching peaked in ----s and ----s.

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1880's and 90's

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Although it took the blues several years to evolve into the form that we know today, historical evidence shows that it happened between ---- and ----. Evidence also shows that the blues evolved out of the field hollers, shouts, and work songs that were still being sung by sharecroppers as well as longshoreman and other laborers. Some of these laborers chose to try to earn a living, or supplement their living by singing and playing music.

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1880-1890

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Jelly Roll Morton is born

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1880

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Edward “Kid” Ory (trombone) was the leader of Kid Ory’s Creole Orchestra, the first black band to make a jazz recording in 1922. Ory moved to Chicago in 1925 and recorded with Louis Armstrong and Jelly Roll Morton.

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1886

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ragtime was filtering down from Missouri to the south

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1890

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Legislative Code No. 111 - Enacted in ---- by the state of Louisiana. This legal document stipulated that anyone with even the slightest amount of black ancestry would be considered black, and therefore subject to legal discrimination. These Codes were devastating to Creoles who now for the first time found themselves on the receiving end of discriminatory and segregationist practices and laws.

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1894

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The birth of jazz was most likely an evolutionary process that unfolded over a ten to twenty year period, somewhere between --------.

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1895-1915

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Alderman Sidney Story proposed setting aside a district where prostitution would be regulated and legal. He succeed in getting this done yet ironically, to his chagrin, the area unofficially took alderman Story’s name.

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1897

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Ragtime is an American musical genre which enjoyed its peak popularity between ---- and ----.

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1897 and 1918

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publisher John Stark heard Joplin play his composition “Maple Leaf Rag.” Stark published the piece; within 10 years it had sold approximately one million copies, the first piece of music in history to do so.

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1899

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Harlem Stride is emerging. - During these years a new style of piano playing was evolving from New York City’s Harlem neighborhood. Harlem was on the verge of establishing itself as a black cultural and artistic center, and was soon o become the largest black community in the United States.

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1900-1920

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Louis Armstrong is born

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1901

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Morton writes “New Orleans Blues,” a piece that includes habanera rhythms from Cuba.

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1902

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Thomas “Fats” Waller is born.

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1904

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Around ---- there were a variety of musical groups playing in the city, including the brass bands and dance orchestras. But by this time a new hybrid ensemble was also evolving that played the music destined to be called jazz in dance halls, and other venues.

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1910

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Fired a gun in the air on New Years Eve and was sent to Colored Waifs Home for Boys. This saved his life and it was here that he was given a cornet to play in the school band.

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1912

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Joe King Oliver Takes Louis under his tutelage

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1916

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1931, Chicago Mayor Big Bill Thompson befriended club owners, bootleggers, pimps, and gamblers.

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1914-1931

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The Great Migration the largest migration in American history

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1916-1930

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When Storyville closed in ---- it accelerated an exodus of local musicians to Chicago.

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1917

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On February 26th, ----, the ODJB made the first commercially sold jazz recording with two sides “Livery Stable Blues” and “Dixie Jass Band One Step.” Over time the record sold over a million copies, made the band famous and introduced jazz to much of the nation for the first time.

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1917

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Joe King Oliver leaves for Chicago and Louis Armstrong gets his spot in Kid Ory’s Band for the next four year.

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1918

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ww1 ends

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1919

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Joe King Oliver Leaves New Orleans to travel extensively with his band.

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1918

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Original Dixieland Jazz Band - First band to bring jazz to Europe when they toured London.

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1919

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----, jazz was no longer confined to the South

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1920

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JAZZ AGE - Jazz came to symbolize the new undeniably bold spirit of America in the ----’s as well as its slang, clothing, and dance styles. This prompted F. Scott Fitzgerald to label the decade as “The Jazz Age”

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1920

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King Olivers Lands a steady gig at the Lincoln Gardens, a huge dancehall on East 31st Street on Chicago South Side.

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1922

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Edward “Kid” Ory (trombone) was the leader of Kid Ory’s Creole Orchestra, the first black band to make a jazz recording in ----.

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1922

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Louis Armstrong is summoned by Oliver to come play in his Creole Jazz Band at Chicago’s Lincoln Gardens.

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1922

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Joe King Olivers Recording from this year are considered to be the first “important” jazz recordings. Arguably the finest examples of collective improvisation in the New Orleans style.

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1923

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Louis accepts offer to play with the hottest band in New York - The Fletcher Henderson Orchestra.

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1924

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Armstrong Returns to Chicago and, under Okeh Records, records with the Hot Five and Hot Seven.

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1925

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forms Red Hot Peppers, an innovative seven piece group of New Orleans immigrants that was showcase for his writing and arranging talents. Although never performing live, the Peppers recorded between ---- and ----. These recordings are highly polished and meticulously rehearsed. These recordings essentially laid out the future of jazz and the swing era of the 1930s and 1940s.

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1926-1930

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“Heebie Jeebies” becomes Louis Armstrong’s first hit record. This recording is the first example of Scat Singing.

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1926

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In ---- Al Capone various business interested netted him over $100,000 million.

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1927

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Louis moves back to New York to embark on a career as a bandleader, popular entertainer, and film star.

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1929

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Lomax (1867-1948) and his son Alan Lomax (1915-2002) were important musicologists who archived American blues and folk music both by recordings and by publishing books such as Negro Folk Songs As Sung by Leadbelly in ----

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1936

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John Hammond brought several of the best boogie woogie piano players to New York to perform in Carnegie Hall and other clubs in the city in December ----.

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1938

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When MIDI protocol was agreed upon by musical instrument manufacturers.

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1983

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(17 years after his death) Louis Armstrong had one more hit song when his 1967 recording of “What a Wonderful World” was included in the movie “Good Morning Vietnam.”

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1988