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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Chapter outline 4 origins of jazz |
origins of jazz why did jazz originate in new orleans? ethnic diversity and creoles of color the blues the need for live music brass bands ragtime combining influences party atmosphere dance music why did jazz emerge near the turn of the century? an african heritage of musical tastes what is African and what is european about jazz? Improvisation syncopation harmony instruments role of percussion roughenings, buzzes, and ringings repetition of brief patterns polyrhythms the ways tones are decorated blue notes call-and-response chapter summary
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chapter summary |
-jazz originated in new orleans around the beginning of the twentieth century. -New Orleans was the ideal site for the birth of jazz because it was an intensely musical city with a history of rich ethnic diversity, especially French and African. -Jazz emerged when brass bands were at a zenith of popularity and ragtime was in such high demand that brass bands and strain bands were improvising rag-like syncopations into their pieces to please dancers. -African-American forms of music such as the blues and ragtime blended with Europeans dance music and church music. -Jazz has features that reflect African musical tastes that were retained in African American music-improvisation, syncopation, rough timbres, extensive repetition of brief patterns, polyrhythms, and overlapping call-and-response format. -jazz reflects European music's instruments, chord progression, and improvisation -Blending of European and African practices resulted in blue notes and various decorations of a note by altering its pitch.
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Chapter 4 origins of jazz bold face words- |
-free people of color began to be regarded as a class that was separate from the whites and the slaves, with status of that of whites. |
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Chapter 4 origins of jazz bold face words- the blues |
the blues -these sounds had evolved into another king os music by the first decade of the twentieth century. it began as an unaccompanied solo vocal style but eventually used guitar or banjo as accompaniment. their chords in this accompaniment were originally almost incidental to the melodic line- whatever chords the singer could play. the progression of chords was simple some times only two or three different chords were used in an entire song. |
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Chapter 4 origins of jazz bold face words- live music |
envision life at the beginning at the twentieth century. music was a significant icon and synonymous for entertainment |
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Chapter 4 origins of jazz bold face words- brass bands |
the band was present at almost every social activity, most of which took place outdoors; picnics, sporting events political speeches, or dramatic presentations at the town hall, and dances in the open-air pavilions. dancing was the main social activity of the nineteenth century. the band played before the event and for the dance that followed. a large brass band was used so that the music could be hear in outdoor settings.
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Chapter 4 origins of jazz bold face words- ragtime |
by the end of the 1800s RAGTIME was very popular in new orleans. the word "rag" refers to a kind of music that was put together like a military march and had rhythms borrowed from afro-american banjo music. you could tell ragtime music because many of the loud accent feel in between the beats. |
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Chapter 4 origins of jazz bold face words- scott joplin |
the leading composer of ragtime piano music. his pieces and the syncopations influenced the development of early jazz playing styles. |
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Chapter 4 origins of jazz bold face words- combining influences |
band music influences jazz quite directly. by the beginning of the twentieth century. new orleanians were accustomed to hearing brass bands such as souse's and artuh pryer's having already heard partrick gilmore's military bands of the gulf coast command |
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Chapter 4 origins of jazz bold face words- party atmostphere |
the reason the party atmosphere of new orleans is important to the beginning of jazz is that it generated so much work for musicians there was so much demand for live music that there was a continuous need for fresh material. this caused musicians to stretch styles. they blended, salvaged, and contuously revised odd assortments of approaches and material. this ultimately becomes jazz. |
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Chapter 4 origins of jazz bold face words- party atmosphere 2 |
jazz was an outgrowth of treatments for many kinds of music being played on the demand of dancers |
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Chapter 4 origins of jazz bold face words- party atmosphere 3
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because their audiences liked ragtime so much, the musicians adapted repertory from many sources, often syncopating ("ragging") otherwise unsyncopated pieces often lending rhythmic vitality to pieces that lacked it.
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Chapter 4 origins of jazz bold face words- party atmosphere 4 |
in parades as well as dance halls, small bands were trying to perform music originally written for large bands. their compromises led to what became standard dixieland style and instrumentation. in trying to fill out the sound more activity was required of each player, so musicians improvised parts to order. they got in the habit of improvising, and, as jazz evolved, this habit changed form a necessity into a choice.
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Chapter 4 origins of jazz bold face words- an african heritage of musical tastes |
1. when we speak of african traditions, we are referring only to tastes for particular ways of making music 2. these tastes were conveyed more by american negro culture than by creole culture. 3. the opportunity to alter established styles and thereby season to taste was capitalized upon by african americans in such a highly creative way that the result was ragtime, blues, jazz rock, and funk music 4. many american of african decent never had such preferences and many whitrrs did. incidentally, buy the 1980s african american musical styles had become the most popular in the world, not just among people of african descent but among all races in every geographic region.
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Improvisation |
The first feature of jazz we are going to examine is improvisation, the practice of spontaneously varying individual parts. it has been an important element of music since the beginning of time, and only recently in history was it difficult to find in european concert music. |
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syncopation |
syncopation, a rhythmic phenomenon most easily understood as accents that don't occur on a main beat. |
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harmony |
though harmony is found in african music, the chord progressions in jazz are not common to native african music. european music provided chord progression of the type that jazz uses. |
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instruments |
the europeans brass band provided the model that included trumpet, trombone, clarinet, saxophone, and tubs. the black and white fraternal bands that were plentiful in new orleans at the beginning of the twentieth century used brass bans instrumentation. |
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role of percussion |
the prominent role of percussions. most hjaz groups include a drummer who plays a set of assorted instruments, provides almost continuous timekeeping sounds, thereby generating musical excitement. |
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repetition of brief patterns |
a 7th feature of jazz is the extensive repetition of brief patterns |
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plyrythms |
a 8th feutre of jazz is the practice of sounding different at the same time. in particular is the sounding of some rhythms that have a basis of two pulses while sounding other rhythms that have a bsis of three pulses. the combination is called a polyrhythm. |
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the ways tones are decorated |
a ninth feature of jazz is the assortment of ways in which tones are decorated. some of these came to us from practices in european classical, opera, and folk music. |
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blue notes |
a 10th feature of jazz is the blue note. a rough idea of what the terms means can be gained by imagine the piano keyboard to represent the entire selection of pitches which musicians are allowed to draw upon. then imagine how notes would sound if drawn from finer gradations of pitch, as though produced by piano keys existing in the cracks between the ordinary arrangement of keys. the notes that come out from "between the creaks" are blue notes. |
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call-and-response |
an 11th element of jazz is call-and- response from. one member or one section of the band offers a musical phrase that is like a question. another member or section of the band then follows it with a new phase that is like an answer. |
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chapter 4 summary |
1. jazz originated in new orleans around the beginning of the twentieth century. 2. new orleans was the ideal site for the birth of jazz because it was an intensely musical city with a history or rich ethnic diversity, especially French and African. 3. Jazz emerged when brass bans were a zenith of popularity and ragtime was in ushc high demand that brass bands and string bands were improvising rag-like syncopation into their pieces to please dancers. 4. african-american forms of music such as the blues and ragtime blended with european dance music and church music. 5. jazz bass features that reflect african musical tastes that were retained in african american music-improvisation, syncopation, rough timbres, extensive repetition of brief patterns, polyrythms and overlapping call-and-response format. 6. jazz reflect european music's instruments, chord progression, and improvisation. 7. blending of european and african practice resulted in blue notes and various decorations of a note by altering its pitch. |
