Jazz

Front 1

Robert Johnson

Back 1

guitar, Delta blues, expresses bad experiences, upbeat, free form

Front 2

ODJB

Back 2

white copying New Orleans in Chicago, blend sounds, brass, group improv, straight, banjo, march like, first recording

Front 3

Jelly Roll Morton

Back 3

first jazz composoer, swing and ragtime,

Front 4

Earl Hines

Back 4

trumpet style piano, punchy, more flexible to swing era

Front 5

Fats Waller

Back 5

entertainer, light, easy, sings to

Front 6

Louis Armstrong

Back 6

trumpet, dramatic, scat singing, hot, jazz swing style

Front 7

Bix Beiderbecke

Back 7

trumpet, straight, unique notes, harmony, cool,, lighter

Front 8

Roy Eldridge

Back 8

trumpet, progressive improviser, linked swing to bebop, sax-like agility

Front 9

Coleman Hawkins

Back 9

tenor sax, dark, husky, harmonic

Front 10

Count Baise

Back 10

boogie woogie, sparse piano, light, relaxed, 4 beat equality, riffs, comping

Front 11

Lester Young

Back 11

sax, light tone, melodic, restrained swing

Front 12

Benny Goodman

Back 12

carneige hall, swing craze

Front 13

Duke Ellington

Back 13

programmatic, cross-sectional voicing, exotic sounds, "wrong note", extended works, concerts, sacred

Front 14

Billie Holiday

Back 14

expression of lyrics, blues, horn-like phrasing

Front 15

Ella FItzgerald

Back 15

flexible, agile, scat, accurate pitch

Front 16

Art Tatum

Back 16

piano, lots of notes, stride, horn like RH, unexpected rhythm

Front 17

Charlie Parker

Back 17

bebop, ornamentation, piano, alto sax, quotes, lots of notes, fast sones, biting tone, melodic

Front 18

Dizzy Gillespie

Back 18

trumpet, high register, agile solos, harmonic, bebop

Front 19

Thelonius Monk

Back 19

composer, unorthodox melodies, dissonant chords, unexpected, deliberate, percussive, piano, sparse, 1st modern piano style,charlie parker like tunes in RH

Front 20

modern vs. classic jazz

Back 20

modern has more driving tempo, lots of notes, move improv, more swing

Front 21

bebop

Back 21

harmonies, driving tempo, broader range, smaller groups, virtuosic solo, less arranging, unexpected lines

Front 22

dixieland

Back 22

chicago combo style, pre-swing combo jazz, breaks, similar to ragtime

Front 23

chicago school

Back 23

whites copy New Orleans style, group improv, more straight

Front 24

early jazz

Back 24

less improve, more straight, simple

Front 25

kansas city style

Back 25

less elaborate, boogie-woogie, light, riffs

Front 26

swing vs. bebop

Back 26

swing: melodic solo, smooth swing, arranged, soli

bebop: small groups, virtuosic solos, little clarinet, less arranging, use of unexpected, more musical ideas, solo not about melody, driving tempo, harmonies, more notes

Front 27

Lennie Tristano

Back 27

piano teacher, longer/smooth lines than bebop, harmonic, cool jazz, counter point

Front 28

Lee Konitz

Back 28

alto sax, cool jazz, laid-back, introspective

Front 29

Dave Brubeck

Back 29

piano, odd meter, cool jazz

Front 30

Stan Kenton

Back 30

piano, progressive concert jazz, Latin, dynamics

Front 31

Miles Davis

Back 31

trumpet
1. hard bop: harmon mute, pitch bending, tone, space
2. free bop: toyed w/ tempo, obscure melody

Front 32

Horace Silver

Back 32

piano, hard bop, rhythmic, percussive, space, short melodic ideas, catchy, more complex arrangments

Front 33

Art Blakey

Back 33

drummer, african influence, roll off

Front 34

Clifford Brown

Back 34

trumpet, heir to Dizzy, bebop

Front 35

Freddie Hubbard

Back 35

trumpet, spontaneoius, free, jazz rock fusion and hard bop bridge

Front 36

Dexter Gordon

Back 36

saxophone, bebop, agressive, logical solos

Front 37

Cannonball Adderly

Back 37

alto sax, happy, soulful, hard bop

Front 38

Sonny Rollins

Back 38

tenor sax, hard bop

Front 39

John Coltrane

Back 39

tenor and sop sax, sheets of sound, odd chord changes, modal/hard bop/free jazz

Front 40

ornette coleman

Back 40

sax, free jazz, no chord changes, grooves and staedy tempos, key centers, more traditional solo roles, written tunes

Front 41

Cecil Taylor

Back 41

pianist, free jazz, no swing, unit structures, textural

Front 42

Bill Evans

Back 42

influence in Kind of Blue, Miles Davis, modal, Debussy, obscures rhythm, floating beat

Front 43

Weather Report

Back 43

jazz rock fusion band with wayne shorter

Front 44

wayne shorter

Back 44

weather report, miles davis 2nd quintet, free bop, sax

Front 45

Herbie Hancock

Back 45

piano, miles davis 2nd quin., free bop, creative, funky

Front 46

Chick Corea

Back 46

piano, electric keyboards, jazz rock fusion, light and percussive

Front 47

Chris Botti

Back 47

smooth jazz, elavator music

Front 48

David Sanborn

Back 48

saxophone, soul sax, bluesy, soulful, raw

Front 49

Michael Brecker

Back 49

soul sax, jazz oriented

Front 50

Branford Marsalis

Back 50

sax, hiphop, sax playing blusey riffs

Front 51

John Zorn

Back 51

sax, clesmir, yiddish based, still swinging

Front 52

Tito Puente

Back 52

Timbales, cross rhythms, latin jazz

Front 53

Irakere

Back 53

Cuba latin jazz band

Front 54

What is jazz? What are the principle elements of the style?

Back 54

improvisation, swing feeilng, harmony ("unsimple", dissonant)

Front 55

Origins of jazz style

Back 55

combo of early brass bands and ragtime, use of improv, ragtime provided syncopation, blue popularized pitch bending, african rhythms, many cultures of New Orleans

Front 56

early jazz vs. swing

Back 56

swing has more swing feel, more improv and short solos, walking bass, drums, section solos, more complex

swing has less straight rhythms, riffs, call and response, collective improv.

Front 57

bebop vs. cool jazz

Back 57

bebop is virtuosic, driving tempo, more harmones than melodies, more ideas

cool jazz is trying to write new piece while improvising, take liberties, go outside chord changes, more laid back and understated, use of space, less aggressive and complex

Front 58

What genres of jazz did Miles Davis contribute to? Albums, artists, attributes

Back 58

Hard bop: "Cookin", "Steamin", "Workin", "Relaxin", etc. 1st quintet had John Coltrane (dark, aggressive,sheets of sound, odd chord changes), toyed w/ pitch, simplicity, toyed w/ tempo, paraphrases

free bop: 2nd quintet - wayne shorter (sax) and herbie hancock (piano, creative, funky), set chord progression, harmony outside chord changes, rhythmic patterns

Modal: added Cannonball Adderly (sax, happy, soulful), "Milestones", "Kind of Blue", long period of time w/ no chord changes, just a scale/collection of notes

Jazz-rock fusion: Chick Corea (electric keyboards, light and percussive), "Bitches Brew"

Front 59

What is “free” about free jazz? How do free jazz artists organize or give form to the music?

Back 59

Free jazz is improvising w/ no set chord changes. Used collective improv, high energy, no bebop phrasing or swing feel, no piano, drummer provides texture not rhythm, manipulation of pitch. Use unit structures to keep track

Front 60

Describe the contributions that John Coltrane made to hard bop, modal jazz, and free jazz.

Back 60

Hard bop: big, dark, biting, aggressive, every note in chord, sheets of sound, odd chord changes

Modal jazz: cool, light, space to add interest, piano is rhythmic and repetition, plays a lot of notes, plays notes outside of mode for tension

Free jazz: can't hear the key but not random, plays a lot of notes, space to add interest

Front 61

Which attributes of jazz and funk merged to become Jazz-Rock fusion?

Back 61

jazz: simple melodic lines, repeated bass, steady danceable tempo, pitch bending

funk: more complex rhythms

jazz-rock fusion: no swing, straight, riff-based, repetitive, less improv, electric instruments, more modal

Front 62

Discuss the following question: “Is ______________ (acid jazz, smooth jazz, or free jazz) really jazz? What attributes qualify or disqualify the style from the jazz genre?

Back 62

Acid jazz: fusion of pop and jazz elements by DJs and bands, looped beats, contains both electric composition and instrumental jazz interpretation, chord structures associated with jazz, percussion-heavy, live music, contains groove of hiphop and funk

Smooth jazz: jazz fusion influenced by R&B, funk, pop. slow tempo with a melody playing instrument over background of programmed rhythms. considered background music. much stronger emphasis on melody than in jazz. criticized as pop-fusion music that is too laid back

free jazz: no swing or groove, often no melody, wild improv, collective improv, no set chord changes, no rhythm, no piano. NO swing, textures not melodies, unit structures

Front 63

hard bop vs. modal jazz vs. free bop vs. free jazz

Back 63

hard bop: swing based, bebop like, driving, aggressive, funky, latin rhythms. less angular than bebop, soul, bluesy, simple melodies. not reliant on pop tunes, simpler harmonies. improv has no quoting

modal jazz: swing, bebop-like rhythm, melody fits in mode and is simple, harmony has no chord changes and is in mode/scale, improv is based on modes

free bop: swing, more texture, less repeating patterns, melody based on chord progression and is hidden, harmony is hidden and exploratory, improv is exploratory and follows ideas

Free jazz: no swing or groove, only texture, melody is assigned but often non-existent, no harmony, improv is wild, collective, squeaky