Japanese Grammar Terms

Front 1

wake ga nai

Back 1

There's no reason why---
It's impossible to ---
[Vinf+; NA na+; N de aru+]

Front 2

[positive] wake ni wa ikanai

Back 2

Can't---
[because of some external circumstance]

Front 3

[negative]わけにはいかない

Back 3

Have no choice but to---

Front 4

-you
-darou
-deshou

Back 4

S.O. probably can ---
--will probably happen
[Vvol-you; N-de arou]

Front 5

yori-ADJ/ADV

Back 5

more ADJ/ADV

Front 6

-zaru o enai

Back 6

can't help ---ing
[Vneg+zaru o enai; sezaru o enai]

Front 7

amari

Back 7

because of too much---
so---that
[N+no amari]
[Vinf+amari] [no adj]

Front 8

-ba -hodo

Back 8

the--, the--
[nonpast V or nara ADJ(na)]
[the key is the repetition of the increaser]

Front 9

bakari ka--(sae)

Back 9

not only [expected]but also [unexpected]
[Vinf; Adjna+na; N]

Front 10

-dokoro ka

Back 10

Aff/Aff: Not just
Aff/Neg: Far from
Neg/Aff: Far from
Neg/Neg: not just
[V/I nonpast+]
NA (na)+/N+

Front 11

だからといって

Back 11

It doesn't follow from this that...
[second clause often ends with wake de wa nai or to wa kagiranai]

Front 12

dake de

Back 12

Just by ---ing; just ---ing is enough

Front 13

dokoro ka

Back 13

[aff/aff]: not just, even
[aff/neg]: far from
[neg/aff]: far from
[neg/neg]: not just, even
Very far from the expected state

Front 14

donna ni--koto ka!

Back 14

How ---!

Front 15

-gachi

Back 15

An undesirable tendency; prone to
[Vmas+]
[N+]

Front 16

-gatai

Back 16

almost impossible to
[Vmas+]

Front 17

-hodo

Back 17

the --er, the--
[Vinf+]
[NN na/de aru+]

Front 18

ijou wa

Back 18

as long as; strong logical connection between the clauses
[Vinf+]
[N de aru+]

Front 19

ippou de wa　一方では
tahou de wa　他方では

Back 19

On the one hand--on the other hand

Front 20

-jou

Back 20

From the viewpoint of; relating to; for the sake of
[N+]

Front 21

かえって

Back 21

on the contrary; contrary to my expectations

Front 22

kagiri

Back 22

as long as
[Vinf+]
{N de ar/nai+]
[No A]

Front 23

限り

Back 23

only until, limited to
[N(time)+]

Front 24

kanarazu shi mo---nai

Back 24

not necessarily
[often ends with to wa omowanai/ienai/wake de wa nai/kagiranai]

Front 25

-kaneru/-kanenai

Back 25

hard to/might well
[Vmas]

Front 26

--kara--ni kakete

Back 26

from--to-- (time or place; the end point has to be vague)

Front 27

からといって

Back 27

just because; even if; even though--doesn't mean [expresses disapproval of the possible justification]

Front 28

につれて

Back 28

The more--the more

Front 29

にさきだって

Back 29

before; preparation for
something

Front 30

をきっかけに

Back 30

trigger event

Front 31

wa tomokaku

Back 31

either is ok

Front 32

ni tsuke

Back 32

whenever
[V or I]

Front 33

にかけては

Back 33

The most

Front 34

kara suru/miru/yomu to

Back 34

Upon doing/seeing/reading etc...

Front 35

kara ni wa

Back 35

naturally

Front 36

ka to iu to

Back 36

you would think that ---

Front 37

koto ni naru

Back 37

to end up with, to come to
[Vnonpast+] {Inonpast+] [NAna+]

Front 38

koto ni yoru

Back 38

due to the fact that
[at the end of a sentence]

Front 39

kuse ni

Back 39

although
[strong negative judgement]

Front 40

までもない

Back 40

There's no need to---
[Vnonpast+]

Front 41

-mai

Back 41

probably not ---
[Vnonpast+] {I wa aru+]
[N/NA de wa aru+]

Front 42

nagara

Back 42

although; even though
[Vmas+] {Vte i+]
{I/NA+]

Front 43

-nai koto wa/mo nai

Back 43

It's not that it isn't--
[Yes, it *is* --; affirming a statement from before]

Front 44

naranai

Back 44

Can't help, unbearably (psychological or physical feeling)
[Vte or Ite]

Front 45

nari--nari

Back 45

either--or
[two reasonable choices, often used in requests or commands]
[N+] [Vinf+]

Front 46

なりに

Back 46

In the way proper to the S; in their own way
[N wa N nari ni--]

Front 47

に限らず

Back 47

not limited to---(but also)
[N+]

Front 48

にかぎって

Back 48

That --- of all ---s; only this ---
(negative meaning)
[N+]

Front 49

にもかかわらず

Back 49

in spite of; although

Front 50

に従って・従い　（したがって）

Back 50

the more --- the more ---

[Vnonpast+]

Front 51

ni suginai

Back 51

merely; not more than: just
[N+]
[Vinf+]

Front 52

ni wa

Back 52

in order to ---

[Vnonpast+]
[N+]

Front 53

no koto dakara

Back 53

because X is habitually this way...

[N+]

Front 54

nomi

Back 54

only
[N+]
[Vinf+]

Front 55

no moto (下) de

Back 55

under the influence of
[N+]

Front 56

no ue de wa

Back 56

as far as X is concerned;

[N+]

Front 57

o hajime (to shite)

Back 57

starting with X

[N+]

Front 58

をとうして

Back 58

through; by means of; via; throughout

[N+]

Front 59

-来 (rai)

Back 59

for the past ---
{time interval}
[N(duration)]+

Front 60

-以来(irai)

Back 60

since (a point in time)

Front 61

例の (rei no)

Back 61

the --- in question; that --- previously mentioned
[+N]

Front 62

--際に

Back 62

At the time of; when
[marks a special occasion]
[Vinf+] [N no+] [Nに際して]

Front 63

sou ka to itte

Back 63

but even so; that may be true, but

Front 64

soko o

Back 64

in spite of [some negative situation, some positive progress is made]

Front 65

ーーそうになる

Back 65

almost ---s
[Vmas+]

Front 66

その上

Back 66

what's more; on top of that

Front 67

それでも

Back 67

even though; in spite of that; nevertheless

Front 68

それも

Back 68

furthermore; what's more

Front 69

それに

Back 69

what's more; furthermore

Front 70

それは

Back 70

naturally; of course

Front 71

たびに

Back 71

whatever; every time
[Vnonpast+] [N no+]

Front 72

--たところで

Back 72

even if X happens...
[Vpast+]

Front 73

て初めて

Back 73

only after; not until

[Vte+]

Front 74

と言っても

Back 74

although one/I said..., actually it's more...

Front 75

--という風に

Back 75

in such a way as to suggest--

Front 76

というのに

Back 76

But; although; in spite of the fact that

Front 77

と言うと

Back 77

when you mention--

Front 78

AというよりはB

Back 78

B rather than A

Front 79

--たところ

Back 79

When --- happened

[past only]

Front 80

ところが

Back 80

however

Front 81

とも

Back 81

no matter how ; even if

[look for when/where/how words]

Front 82

となると

Back 82

when it comes to---,

Front 83

とする

Back 83

assume that ---

Front 84

とは限らない

Back 84

not necessarily

Front 85

つつある

Back 85

is Xing

[Vmas+] [not everyday actions]

Front 86

において

Back 86

で [formal place or age]

Front 87

おそれ

Back 87

worry that something bad will happen
[Vinf+]

Front 88

てしょうがない

Back 88

can't help ---ing

[Vte+]

Front 89

にしては

Back 89

against expectations

Front 90

-うとする

Back 90

about to do something

[Vう＋]

Front 91

ーばかりだ

Back 91

All the preparations are done; nothing left to do but ---.
[Vinf+]

Front 92

たばかりだ

Back 92

justhave finished ---ing
[Vpast+]

Front 93

-かける

Back 93

in the middle of; unfinished
[Vmas+]

Front 94

は言うまでもなく

Back 94

Not to mention---; let alone

Front 95

わけにはいけない

Back 95

have no choice but to---
[Vnonpast+]

Front 96

たあげく

Back 96

After much ---
[Vpast+]

Front 97

ばかりか

Back 97

not just, but also

Front 98

だけあって

Back 98

because of, as expected---

Front 99

はもちろん

Back 99

not only [obvious], but also [less expected]

Front 100

によると

Back 100

according to

Front 101

をおいて

Back 101

apart from ---

Front 102

にほかならない

Back 102

nothing other than---

Front 103

に伴って　（ともなって）

Back 103

to be associated with

Front 104

にして

Back 104

only because of

Front 105

[yori]ほかない

Back 105

nothing to do but
[Vdict+]

Front 106

かのようだ

Back 106

like, as if

Front 107

からして

Back 107

for a start

Front 108

に応じて

Back 108

depending on; in accordance with; in answer to

Front 109

につけ

Back 109

each time, every time

Front 110

ぬき

Back 110

without

Front 111

たとえ。。。（でも）

Back 111

even if/even as

Front 112

dictようにしています

Back 112

I try to...

Front 113

AにくわえてBも

Back 113

B in addition to A

Front 114

motozuite

Back 114

based on A (i.e. the law, the facts)

Front 115

AにあたってB

Back 115

B when doing A (special events, not everyday)

Front 116

Aにかぎり

Back 116

Only A

Front 117

AにかぎっらずB

Back 117

Not only A but B