Japanese 380 Final Exam

Front 1

Arui Hakuseki

Back 1

• Tokugawa direct retainer of Ienobu; Confucian Scholar;
• Wrote Views on the Course of History
Tried to transform shogun into a national monarch;
• An interpretation of Ancient History
o Interpreted Age of the Gods depicted in the Kojiki

Front 2

Miura Baien

Back 2

• A philosopher
• Wrote on subjects: Astronomy, Cosmology, Ancient theories, and anatomy
• Wrote “The Three Go’s” (Gengo, Kango, and Zeigo)
• Wrote Deep Words (Gengo)
o Jori(Logic): Opposition of pairs.
• The Origin of Price
o His view on local problems; Wrote on managing currency in a closed economy.

Front 3

Kaiho Seiryo

Back 3

• Independent rationalist
• Lessons of The Past
o Seiryo’s econimic thoughts

Front 4

Kamo No Mabuchi

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–(National Learning)
• Poetry as the medium best suited for expressing heartfelt emotion.
• Closely follows the Man’yoshu
• Inquiry Into the Idea of the Nation
o Attacks Chinese and Confucian thought

Front 5

Motoori Norinaga

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NATIONAL LEARNING
• Precious Comb Box: Meant to “comb” out the snarls of intellectual confusion
o Upholds the traditional account of the divine creation, and rejects cosmogony of the Chinese.
• Personal Views of Poetry
o Acclaims Japanese Poetry for it’s spontaneous expression of the deepest human emotion
o Speaks on Love and Poetry
• The Exquisite Comb
o A study of Tales of Genji
• Touches on Good and Evil compared to Buddhist/Confucian morals

Front 6

Hirata Atsutane

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NATIONAL LEARNING
• Popularize Shinto nativism by asserting singular supremacy of Japan, culture Way, and people.
• Japanese Learning
o Puts it above Confucian and Buddhist learning

Front 7

Takeda Izumo, Miyoshi Shoraku, Namiki Sosuke:

Back 7

PUPPET THEATER
• Theater Director and Playwrights
• Chushingura (47 Loyal Ronin)
o A bunraku play based on the Ako Vendetta
• Wrote the 3 great works of puppet theater
o Sugiwara and the Secrets of Calligraphy; Yoshitsune and the thousand Cherry Trees

Front 8

Suga Sensuke

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Initially a chanter, became a playwright
• Gappo at the Crossroads

Front 9

JoKanbo Koa

Back 9

• Modern-Style Lousy Sermons(Dangibon): criticizes contemporary Edo culture and kabuki

Front 10

Hiraga Gennai

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(Dangibon):
• Rootless Weeds: King of hell asks a water spirit to find Kikunojo
• Modern Life of Shidoken
• A Theory of Farting: A satire of contemporary samurai and Confucian values

Front 11

Yosa Buson

Back 11

LITERATI
: Noted painter, literatus, and haikai poet
• Combined Chinese and Japanese poetry

Front 12

Karai Senryu

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Judge for verse capping in Senryu.
• Compiled Willow barrel, which created a new genre named after him.

Front 13

Ueda Akinari

Back 13

Yomihon
Noted for his heavy allusive use in Chinese and Japanese classical sources in fiction
• Ugetsu monogatari (Tales of Moonlight and Rain)
o Chrysanthemum Vow, Reed-choked Weeds, A Serpent’s Lust

Front 14

The Playboy Dialect

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The first true sharebon
• Mixes satirical humor with interest in the manners of the pleasure quarters
• Identifies the Tsu, half-tsu, and yabo found in the Sharebon genre.

Front 15

Santo Kyoden

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Kibyoshi
• Grilled and Basted Edo-born Playboy
o Enjiro, the son of a wealthy merchant, tries to gain a reputation through a series of publicity stunts.

Front 16

Shikitei Sanba

Back 16

Kokkeibon)
• Floating World Bathhouse

Front 17

Jippensha Ikku

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Kokkeibon
• Travels on the Eastern Seaboard
o Focused on the” boorishness” (yabo) of two travelers
o Story aimed at a broad range of readers
o Also doubled as a guidebook for travelers

Front 18

Tamenaga Shunsui

Back 18

The first writer of ninjobon
• Spring Color Plum Calender: Narrative about contemporary life that emphasized emotion, sentiment, and romantic love; from a woman’s perspective

Front 19

Ryutei Tanehiko

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(Gokan)
• A Country Genji by a commoner Murasaki
o One of the most popular books of the Edo period
o Aimed at female readers

Front 20

Utagawa Kunisada

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Extremely popular ukiyo-e artist
• Made the original set for chuushingura

Front 21

Tsuruya Namboku

Back 21

Wrote Ghost Stories
Wrote ghost stories
• Ghost stories at Yotsuya

Front 22

Kyokutei Bakin

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Late Yomihon
● Gave up samurai status to become a writer
● Wrote under Santo Kyoden
● Displayed Confucian intention to praise virtue and punish evil
● The 8 Dog Chronicles
- 106 volume book

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Sanyutei Encho

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● Considered the founder of modern rakugo
● Specialized in Love stories and Ghost stories
● Peony Lantern Ghost Stories

Front 24

Yamagata Daini

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Forerunners of restoration
• Master Ryu’s New Thesis
• Harshly criticized warrior regimes
• Was executed on charges of lese-majeste
o an offense against the dignity of a reigning sovereign or against a state.

Front 25

Rai Sanyo

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• The Unoffical History of Japan
(Really opinionated history)

Front 26

Honda Toshiaki:

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Ambitions for Japan
• Studied Dutch in hopes to learn Western Mathematics
• Books filled with ambitious programs and suggestions about how to incorporate Western knowledge into Japan
• Secret Plan of Government
o Four Imperative needs: Gunpowder, Metals, shipping, and the acquisition of oversea possessions

Front 27

Sato Nobuhiro:

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(Forerunner of restoration)
• Wrote about military improvement and nationalism
• Had extensive knowledge on agriculture, horticulture, forestry, and mining
• Japanese scientist, advocate of Japanese Westernization

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Aizawa Seishisai:

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(Seclusion/Restoration)
• New Thesis : Acclaimed essay on patriotism and loyalty.
o “Revere the emperor, repel the barbarian”
• To be prepared, a decision between war/peace must be made.

Front 29

Sakuma Shozan:

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(Eastern Ethics and Western Science)
• “Eastern Ethics and Western Science”
o Defend Japan and preserve it’s Eastern ethical heritage, while adopting while adopting the new technical knowledge of the west.
• Assisted with the compromised “Union of Civil and Military government”
o Uphold the policy of “Opening the country”, and to promote a greater voice between imperial court and daimyo.
• Reflections of my Errors: A self-examination of Shozan while he was in prison, justifying his political beliefs

Front 30

Yokoi Shonan

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• “Opening the Country for Common Good”
o Common good can only be achieved by “enriching the country” and opening it up to public discourse, trade, and economic growth for the benefit of the people.
• Three Thesis on State Policy
o Enriching the country; Military reform; The way of the samurai

Front 31

Yoshida Shoin

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• “Barbarian quarrelling general”
o Unsatisfied with the status quo and shogun.

Front 32

Fukazawa Yukichi

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: Writer, publicist, and educator
• Autobiography of Fukuzwa Yukichi
o Traveled to the West; and expresses his experience

Front 33

Kumagai’s Battle Camp

Back 33

Scene from Chronicle of the Battle of Ichinotani
• Kumagai allows his enemy Atsumori escape, and replaces him with his own son Kojiro in order to stay loyal to lady Fuji. The head viewing is the most dramtic scene of the performance

Front 34

Mito School

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Proclaiming Japan’s divine mission to turn back the west and to establish a world empire under the legitimate imperial dynasty.

Front 35

Ako Vendetta

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lord of Ako attacked and injured Lord Kira. He was sentenced to commit seppuku.
• 21 months later, Asano’s ronin avenged him by killing lord Kira. They as well were sentenced to Seppuku

Front 36

Kyoho Reforms

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• Carried out by the eighth shogun, Tokugawa Yoshimune
• Intended to resolve the financial crisis facing the shogunate and the samurai caused by the increasing inequality between elite socio-political status and economic reality.

Front 37

Tempo Reform

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• Came and went quickly
• Banned books on courtesans

Front 38

Rangaku (Dutch Studies):

Back 38

Knowledge of the west that Japan absorbed during the sakoku period . All the knowledge and techniques from the West were transmitted through the medium of the Dutch language.

Front 39

Sekai and Shuko

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“Old world story, with new modern twist”; Ashikaga period setting with Edo fashion and pleasure quarters.

Front 40

Ugachi

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Satirically viewing and commenting on the flaws on contemporary manners in 18th century gesaku

Front 41

Kokugaku

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(National learning) The study of all things Japanese (Japan rocks)

Front 42

Treaty of Nanjing:

Back 42

marked the end of the Opium War between the Chinese and British In 1842

Front 43

“gunboat diplomacy

Back 43

when someone uses the threat of warfare unless agreeable terms are met

Front 44

kokutai (national substance)

Back 44

national substance, both form and essence, promoted by the Mito school for rising loyalty to the emperor
Quotes

Front 45

Satsuma and Chôshû

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: two domains in south-western Japan that combined their forces to try to overthrow the Tokugawa shogunate in 1866
Meiji Restoration: in 1869 the daimyo in Satsuma and Choshu gave up their rites to rule, all land and provinces ruled by emperor, status of samurai basically wiped out of existence.

Front 46

Satsuma Rebellion:

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led by samurai against the newly formed Meiji government, Last Samurai movie

Front 47

Joruri

Back 47

Chanting; performed alongside bunraku; accompanied by a shamisen

Front 48

Bunraku

Back 48

Puppet theater; composed of 3 elements: 1) Puppets, music, and chanting from an old text.

Front 49

Sewamono

Back 49

contemporary life pieces

Front 50

Jidaimono

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Period pieces; mainly samurai

Front 51

Dangibon

Back 51

Satiric Sermon; didactic tone and critique of contemporary society.

Front 52

Bunjin (literati

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Someone who worked in several art forms as an avocation instead of a livelihood; Chinese poetry, painting, and calligraphy.

Front 53

Senryu

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7-5-7 syllable comic haiku; uses humor, satire, and wit to comment on contemporary society and the human condition; involves verse capping.

Front 54

Yomihon:

Back 54

Reading books; Written by bunjin writers in a unique Japanese-Chinese style that merged classical and vernacular diction.

Front 55

Sharebon

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Books of wit and fashion; a short story form that satirized the life of the sophisticate in the licensed quarters.

Front 56

Kokkeibon

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(humor books); a progression from sharebon and kibyoshi

Front 57

Ninjobon:

Back 57

(Books of emotion): Contemporary life in Edo. Combines elements of sentimental love and the romance.

Front 58

Gokan

Back 58

(Bound books); calligraphic text. 60% text, 40% image

Front 59

Kyoka

Back 59

A comic poem; derives from placing something vulgar, low or mundane in an elegant Japanese form or context; also has elements of pun and word associations.

Front 60

Gesaku

Back 60

vernacular;playful writing.

Front 61

Kyoshi

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Comic Chinese Poetry; concentrated on social satire, wordplay, and low topics.

Front 62

Rakugo

Back 62

Comic oral storytelling
- Performer sits on a cushion and mimes the speech of different characters.