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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
what are the two infusion systems for fluids
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glass and plastic
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what are the two types of glass systems? describe?
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~both have a vaccum & are vented.
open: air enters through a straw & collects in the air space in the bottle. CLOSED: uses vented tubing to allow air into the fluid. has a rubber bung -coring can occur during insertion of administration set. |
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what are the advantages of a glass system?
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*Crystal clear; allows good visualization of contents.
*Graduations are easy to read *Inert; has no plasticizers |
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what are the disadvantages of a glass system?
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*Breakage and shattering of glass *Storage problems
*Coring due to rubber bung *Cumbersome disposal * Rigidity * Container constructed of mixed materials |
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what are the disadvantages of a plastic system?
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*punctures easily.
*fluid level difficult to determine *Made of plasticizers * Not completely inert (potential for leching) *Environmentally unsafe |
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What are the advantages of a plastic system?
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*Closed system
*flexible *lightweight * Container made of one substance. * Better storage |
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disadvantages of plastic system?
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*punctures easily.
*fluid level difficult to determine *Made of plasticizers * Not completely inert (potential for leching) *Environmentally unsafe (PVC air polluent when burned) |
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spike
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sharp tipped plastic tube that is inserted into infustate…connected to the flange, drop orifice, and drip chamber.
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flange
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guard that helps prevent touch contamination during spiking.
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drop orafice
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opening that determines the size and shape of the fluid drop..the size determines the drop factor.
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drop chamber
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pliable, enlarged clear plastic tube that contains the drip orifice (top) and is connected to the tubing (bottom).
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injection port
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located at various points these serve as access to tubing, usually for med admin.small (21-25 gauge needle) to ensure resealing
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Hub
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adaptor to connect the admin set to the IV catheter or needleless system (AKA male Luer-Lok)
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scalp vein
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butterfly needles are a type; made of stainless steel ( biodegradable and low phlebitis risk…steel can easily puncture causing infiltration) w/ odd numbering.usually used for short term therapy (indwelling >24hrs) single doses, iv push, or blood.
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over-the-needle
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needle w/ catheter sheath. needle extends beyond catheter puncture stylet is removed w. needle staying in vein. (12-22 gauge) Teflon (more phlebitis) or Vialon (becomes soft in vein)
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14-19” gauge w. 1-2” long needle. .8-36” long.usually in CVC. (PICC)
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through the needle
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catheter placed b/t the antecubital area and the head of the clavicle.
intermediate-term therapies up to 28 days of isotonic therapy. 6” catheter..after 2 hrs becomes softer, 2 gauges bigger |
midline
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lumen catheters: two separate infusion channels make it possible to infusion two different infusates simultaneously..16 gauge w. 18- and 20- lumens or 18 gauge w. 20- and 20- lumens. ..also avalible as midlines
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dual
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The most widely used type of peripheral infusion device and pt for gauges 14-22.?
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over the needle
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—multiple trauma, heart surgery,transplants
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14-16 gauge
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:major trauma or surgery, blood administration
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18 gauge
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minor trauma or surgery, blood administration
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20 gauge
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peds, person w. small veins, admin. of platelets or plasma (avoid w/ packed RBC, whole blood, and ATB therapy)
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22 gauge
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used for parenternal nutrition w. dextrose greater than 10%, continuous infusion of vesicant meds, or
meds that cause necroisis if they infiltrate, therapies w. extreme variations in pH, anticipated extended |
PIcc
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on gravity flow..used in 80% of situations requiring rate control. max flow affected by how high bag is hung.. can’t detect infiltrations.
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controller
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10psi –up to 15 is safe—15-20 w. caution-16-22 dangerous
high vol. and complex therapies in high-acuity situations-more accurate vs. controllers. |
positive pressure pump
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collaborated in milliliters per hour; require special cassette or catridge to be used w. the machiene..very accurate, used in delivery of high potency drugs or when
accuracy is imperative.(invaluable neonate, peds, and intensive care units) Can deliver RBC w/o any damage. |
volemetric pumps
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Calibrated in milliliters per hour.. used primarily for enteral feedings, have a rotary disk rollers to compress tubing.
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perastalic
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amt of time over which a specific vol. of fluid is delivered..common 1-999ml/hour
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rate
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measurement that tells how much of a given solution has been infused..can monitoramt/ shift.. and home health care.
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volume infused
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the amt of solution hanging in the solution container. (pump alarms
when amt. is reached.) |
volume to be infused
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are terms that are used to describe the progressive increase or decrease of the infusion rate.
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tampering or ramping
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refers to an infusion governed by a 24 hour clock wi the device. must have internal backup battery to remain clock accuracy.
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timed infusion
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to detect only visible bubbles or micro bubbles. (nes for positive and infusion
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air-in line alarm
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standard alarm for infusion.
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occlusion
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alarm triggered by present volume limit
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infusion complete
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pump is operating outside parameters and problem cannot be resolved…return to bioengering dept.
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malfunctional/ nonfunctional alarm
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alarm indicates that all of the pump infusion parameters are not set. (prevents tampering or changing accidently---must be programmed and then started.)
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not infusing
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chain of infection
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resivor, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, susptable host
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the 3 objectives of iv therapy
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maintain , replace, restore
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isotonic
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.9 normal saline
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