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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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1 carbon
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root:
meth- |
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2 carbons
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root:
eth- |
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3 carbons
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root:
prop- |
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4 carbons
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root:
but- |
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5 carbons
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root:
pent- |
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6 carbons
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root:
hex- |
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7 carbons
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root:
hepta- |
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8 carbons
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root:
oct- |
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9 carbons
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root:
non- |
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10 carbons
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root:
dec- |
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How do you name a compound with only single bonds?
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suffix: -ane
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How do you name hydrocarbon branches?
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prefix:
use the same root to designate the number of carbons and add suffix -yl |
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What are the 'general rules' for adding prefix
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-if several branches with same functional group or amount of carbons, add di-, tri-, or tetra- prefix.
-order of prefix is alphabetical.All things being equal, first prefix alphabetically obtains lower number -add a hypen and number before prefix to designate which carbon number of the chain the branch or functional group is attached to -if only suffix is from alkane, the direction that produces the lowest sum of prefixes is the direction of the main chain. |
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How is the naming different from cyclic hydrocarbons then branched hyrdrocarbons?
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-add cyclo in the root
-do not need to state which number carbon suffix or prefix is on if only one group attached -for those with multiple functional group, priority group is on carbon 1. -if carbon branch is longer the cyclic hydrocarbon, then the cyclic hydrocarbon is placed in prefix |
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How do you name a compound with double bonds?
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suffix: -ene
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What are the 'general rules' for creation of a chain
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-number of carbons in chain is the root
-the chain contains the greatest amount of carbons with double and triple bonds -carbon numbering direction depends on functional groups and . If multiple functional groups with highest priority, the direction is the one that gives lowest sum of highest priority functional group . |
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How do you name a compound with triple bonds?
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suffix: yne, -enyne (if double bond as well)
-treat same as compound with double bond, but double bond higher priority |
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alkyl halides
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prefix:
-chlor, bromo-, and iodo- |
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What are the general rules for adding a suffix
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-unless an alkane, these take priority in direction of carbon chain.
-alkenes and alkynes replace -ane suffix. No suffix can replace alkenes or alkynes, and no other suffixes can replace -ane. -number location on chain either before suffix or before root. -can only have one functional group as a suffix, besides double and triple bonds -double bonds take priority over triple bonds, other functional group in suffix take priority. -unless alkane, if same functional groups exist multiple time add di-, tri-, or tetra- |
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alcohol
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suffix:
-ol prefix: hydroxyl |
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What are the rules for:
R-O-R |
simple compounds:
each alkyl group is named followed by ether. complex compounds: -prefix is alkoxy (ex: ethoxy for (CH3CH2-O-R) |
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What is the order of suffix priority if many suffix group exist?
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1) carboxylic acid (highest)
2) ester 3) acid chloride 4) amide (above are never prefixes) 5) aldehyde 6) Nitrile 7) Ketone 8) Alcohol 9) Amine (lowest) |
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What are the rules for -NH:
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simple amines:
-each alkyl group is named followed by amine at end. -if different alkyl group, one with most carbons come before amine, those with lower amount of carbons have N- instead of number. complex amines: -suffix: amine -prefix: alkylamino (if suffix with higher priority exists). |
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(COOH)
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suffix: -oic
-carboxylic acid (for cylic compounds) - |
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C=O
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simple: suffix: -tone
complex: suffix: -one prefix: oxo- |
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CH=O
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simple: suffix: -aldehyde
complex: suffix: -al, cylic compounds: carbaldehyde prefix: oxo- |
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CCl=O
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suffix: -yl chloride
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O=CR-O-CR'=O
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suffix: -ic anhydride
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(ROC=O)
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suffix: -oate
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-CN
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suffix: -nitrile
prefix: cyano |
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(ROC=O)-
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-ate, cation comes before anion.
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Allyl
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Allyl
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