Issa

Front 1

Abduction

Back 1

Movement of a body part away from the midline of the body.

Front 2

Adduction

Back 2

Movement toward or beyond the midline of the body in the frontal plane.

Front 3

Agonist

Back 3

A contracting muscle that is resisted or counteracted by another muscle, the antagonist.

Front 4

Androgen

Back 4

Any substance that aids in development and controls the appearance of male characteristics

Front 5

Antagonist

Back 5

A muscle that produces an action that is exactly the opposite of the agonist.

Front 6

Anterior

Back 6

Before or in front of.

Front 7

Anterior tilt

Back 7

Forward tilt of the pelvic girdle

Front 8

Assistant mover

Back 8

A muscle that aids the prime mover to effect joint movement.

Front 9

Asymmetry (body)

Back 9

Lack of symmetry of sides of the body.

Front 10

Atrophy

Back 10

A wasting or decrease in size of an organ, tissue, or body part owing to disease, injury, or lack of use.

Front 11

Axilla

Back 11

The armpit.

Front 12

Biomechanics

Back 12

A branch of study that applies the laws of mechanics to living organisms and tissues.

Front 13

Bursa

Back 13

A sac or saclike bodily cavity, especially one containing viscous lubricating fluid. Located between a tendon and a bone or at points of friction between moving structures.

Front 14

Bursitis

Back 14

Inflammation of a bursa.

Front 15

Calisthenics

Back 15

Exercise performed without weights or outside resistance designed to develop muscular tone and promote physical well being

Front 16

Chiropractor

Back 16

One who practices a method for restoring normal condition by adjusting the segments of the spine.

Front 17

Circumduct

Back 17

An act of moving a limb in a circular manner.

Front 18

Concentric contraction

Back 18

When a muscle overcomes resistance causing the muscle to shorten and the joint angle to be reduced.

Front 19

Contralateral

Back 19

Situated on the opposite side.

Front 20

Cranial

Back 20

Refers to the head or skull.

Front 21

Depression

Back 21

Downward movement of a part of the body.

Front 22

Distal

Back 22

Farthest away from the point of reference.

Front 23

Dorsal

Back 23

Pertaining to the posterior portion of a body or segment.

Front 24

Dorsiflexion

Back 24

Bending the body part towards the rear, opposite of plantar flexion

Front 25

Dorsum

Back 25

The upper, outer surface of an organ, appendage, or body part.

Front 26

Downward rotation

Back 26

Movement of the scapula as the arms are lowered, and the superior border of the scapula moves away from the midline (spine).

Front 27

External rotation

Back 27

An outward, clockwise rotation of a bone, away from the midline of the body.

Front 28

Elevation

Back 28

Upward movement of a body part.

Front 29

Exercise

Back 29

Physical activity, the purpose of which is to improve some component of physical fitness.

Front 30

Extension

Back 30

The act of straightening or extending a limb; the position assumed by an extended limb.

Front 31

Eversion

Back 31

The movement of the foot away from the midline of the body at the ankle joint.

Front 32

Flexion

Back 32

Movement resulting in the reduction of a joint angle.

Front 33

Horizontal abduction

Back 33

The movement of the arms from horizontally across the body. Starting from a position where the shoulders are flexed at 90 degrees, hands extended in front of the body, moving in the transverse plane to end in a position where the arms are flexed at 90 degrees out to the side of the body.

Front 34

Hyperextension

Back 34

An extreme stretching or extension of a body part beyond the normal range

Front 35

Hypertrophy

Back 35

Enlargement of a body part due to an increase in the size of its cells.

Front 36

Hyperventilation

Back 36

Abnormal, prolonged deep breathing that causes a depletion of carbon dioxide, a fall in blood pressure, and possible fainting

Front 37

Idiopathic

Back 37

Cause of injury unknown

Front 38

ILIAC

Back 38

Refers to the area of the hip bones on either side of the body.wav

Front 39

Inferior

Back 39

Away from the head; relatively lower in position

Front 40

Injury

Back 40

Act that damages or hurts.

Front 41

Innervation

Back 41

Nerve stimulation of a muscle.

Front 42

Inversion

Back 42

The movement of the foot towards the midline of the body at the ankle joint. Also see supination.

Front 43

Ipsilateral

Back 43

Situated on the same side.

Front 44

Ischemia

Back 44

Localized anemia or lack of oxygen.

Front 45

Isokinetic contraction

Back 45

Accommodating or variable resistance. Movement of a body part through a range of motion at a constant speed.

Front 46

Isometric contraction

Back 46

Muscular contraction that does not result in a change in the length of the muscle.

Front 47

Isotonic contraction

Back 47

Muscular contraction that overcomes resistance, resulting in a change in the length of the muscle.

Front 48

Joint

Back 48

The articulation of two or more bones.

Front 49

Joint cavity

Back 49

The space between bones that is encapsulated by a synovial membrane and articular cartilage.

Front 50

Ketosis

Back 50

A condition brought about by the restriction of carbohydrate intake, resulting in excessive acetones or other ketone bodies being secreted by the body; stored fat becomes more available for energy.

Front 51

Kyphosis

Back 51

An excessive posterior curve of the thoracic (upper) spine.

Front 52

Lactate

Back 52

The end product of anaerobic metabolism of glucose; the disassociated form of lactic acid.

Front 53

Lactate threshold

Back 53

The point during a graded exercise test at which the blood lactate concentration suddenly increases; a good indicator of the highest sustainable work load the individual can perform.

Front 54

Lateral flexion

Back 54

Flexing the trunk or neck to either side in the frontal plane.

Front 55

Leg

Back 55

The portion of the lower limb between the knee and the foot.

Front 56

Lever

Back 56

A rigid bar (like a bone) pivoted on a fixed point - used to transmit force, as in raising a weight at one end by pushing down on the other.

Front 57

Ligament

Back 57

The connective tissue that connects bone to bone.

Front 58

Limiting factor

Back 58

A characteristic that determines the upper limit of performance on a particular task, exercise, etc. (muscle fiber type, cardiac output, and oxygen uptake).

Front 59

Lordosis

Back 59

An excessive forward curve of the lumbar (lower) spine.

Front 60

Lumbar

Back 60

Related or pertaining to the low back. There are five lumbar vertebrae located above the sacrum

Front 61

Maximal

Back 61

The highest level possible, the greatest effort attainable.

Front 62

Maximal aerobic power

Back 62

The most oxygen that can be taken up and used by the body during maximal work. Relates directly to the rate that the heart can supply the muscles with oxygenated blood.

Front 63

Maximal heart rate

Back 63

The highest heart rate attainable. Estimated by subtracting an individual’s age from 220.

Front 64

Moment arm* may be momentum??

Back 64

The shortest or perpendicular distance from the point of force application to the joint or axis.

Front 65

Motor unit

Back 65

The functional unit of muscular contraction consisting of a motor nerve and the muscle fibers it innervates.wav

Front 66

Muscle group

Back 66

A group of specific muscles that are responsible for a particular movement or action at the same joint.

Front 67

Myositis

Back 67

Inflammation of a muscle.

Front 68

Plantar Flexion

Back 68

Extending the foot away or "pointing one’s toes, opposite of dorsiflexion.

Front 69

Plyometric:

Back 69

The eccentric or lengthening contraction of a muscle immediately preceding a concentric contraction

Front 70

Posterior:

Back 70

Related or pertaining to the rear

Front 71

Posterior tilt:

Back 71

Backward tilt of the pelvis.

Front 72

Posture:

Back 72

The position or carriage of the entire body

Front 73

Progression:

Back 73

A gradual increase from the current level. A term to indicate the use of greater resistance to overload a muscle to effect adaptation.

Front 74

Pronation:

Back 74

Foot - eversion combined with abduction of the forefoot. Forearm – rotation of the wrist and hand towards the radius

Front 75

Prone:

Back 75

Lying with the front or face downward.

Front 76

Protraction:

Back 76

Forward movement of a body part, (e.g. scapula/shoulder girdle).

Front 77

Proximal:

Back 77

Closer to any point of reference

Front 78

Retraction:

Back 78

Backward movement of a part.

Front 79

Rotation:

Back 79

Movement of a bone around its long (longitudinal) axis.

Front 80

Superficial:

Back 80

External; located close to or on the body surface

Front 81

Superior:

Back 81

Refers to the head or upper; higher

Front 82

Supination:

Back 82

Foot - inversion combined with adduction of the forefoot. Forearm – rotation of the wrist and hand laterally.

Front 83

Supine:

Back 83

Refers to the body lying with the face upward, opposite of prone

Front 84

Synergist:

Back 84

A muscle cooperating with another to produce movement that could not be performed by either muscle individually

Front 85

Thoracic:

Back 85

Refers to the chest.

Front 86

Thorax:

Back 86

The portion of the trunk above the diaphragm and below the neck.

Front 87

Tonic:

Back 87

The state of being in a consistent state muscular or neural activity (tone).

Front 88

Torque:

Back 88

The effect of producing a force through rotation; the product of force times length of the force arm.

Front 89

Umbilicus:

Back 89

The navel - the site that marks the where the umbilical cord was present.

Front 90

Vasoconstriction:

Back 90

The narrowing of blood vessels.

Front 91

Vasodilation:

Back 91

The widening of blood vessels

Front 92

Vein:

Back 92

A vessel that carries blood away from tissues and towards the heart.

Front 93

Velocity:

Back 93

The rate of motion of a body traveling in a particular direction

Front 94

Ventilation:

Back 94

The process of oxygenating the blood through the lungs.

Front 95

Ventricle:

Back 95

A small cavity or pouch; chambers of the heart that push blood out to the tissues.

Front 96

Vertigo:

Back 96

A feeling of dizziness, as though the environment was revolving.

Front 97

Viscosity:

Back 97

The state of being sticky or thick

Front 98

Vital capacity:

Back 98

The total volume of air that can be exhaled following a maximal inhalation.

Front 99

Voluntary muscle:

Back 99

Skeletal muscle; muscle under one’s control.

Front 100

Warm-up:

Back 100

Light to moderate physical activity performed prior to exercise

Front 101

Work:

Back 101

The movement of force through a distance.

Front 102

Work rate:

Back 102

Power or work generated per unit of time.