Chapter 5 Human Anatomy

Front 1

Tendon

Back 1

Attaches muscle to bone

Front 3

Anatomical Position

Back 3

Position where the body is standing erect, thebfeet positioned hip width apart, with the toes pointing forward, arms hanging to the sides with palms facing forward.

Hint 3

Mountain

Front 4

Medial

Anatomical Location

Back 4

Positioned closer to the midline of the body

Front 5

Superior

Anatomical Location

Back 5

Positioned closer to the head

(away from the feet)

Front 6

Lateral

Anatomical Location

Back 6

Positioned away from the midline or middle of the body

Front 7

Inferior

Anatomical Location

Back 7

Away from the head

(closer to the feet)

Front 8

Proximal

Anatomical Location

Back 8

Positioned closer to the attached end of a limb or the center of the body

Hint 8

"In close proximity to"

Front 9

Distal

Anatomical Location

Back 9

Positioned away from the attached end of a limb or the center of the body

Hint 9

"a greater distance from"

Front 10

Anterior

Anatomical Location

Back 10

On or toward the front of the body

Front 11

Superfical

Anatomical Location

Back 11

Closer to or on the surface of the body

Front 12

Deep

Anatomical Location

Back 12

Further beneath or away from the surface of the body

Front 13

Posterior

Anatomical Location

Back 13

On or toward the back of the body

Front 14

3 planes of motion are?

Back 14

Sagittal, Frontal, and Transverse Planes

Front 15

Sagittal

Plane of Motion

Back 15

Divides the body into right and left sides

Front 16

Frontal Plane of Motion

Back 16

Divides the body into front and back (anterior and posterior)

Front 17

Transverse Plane of Motion

Back 17

Separates the body into upper and lower segments

Hint 17

horizontal plane

Front 18

Axial Skeleton

Back 18

Skeletal System that includes skull, spinal column, sturnum and ribs

80 bones

Front 19

Appendicular Skeleton

Back 19

Skeletal system that includes upper and lower extremities, and shoulder and pelvic girdles

126 bones

Front 20

Articulation

Back 20

Junction between two adjacent bones (A Joint)

Front 21

3 types of bone cells:

Back 21

Osteoclasts- bone destroying cells

Osteoblasts- Bone building cells

Osteocytes - mature bone cells that help regulate bone remodeling

Front 22

3 types of articulation:

(Joints)

Back 22

Synarthrodial

Amphiarthrodial

Diathrodial

Front 23

Synarthrodial Joints

Back 23

Immovable joints such as between suture joints of skull

Front 24

Vertebral Column separated into 3 primary regions:

Back 24

Cervical (skull and neck)

Thoracic (connects to ribs)

Lumbar (sacrum)

Front 25

Amphiarthrodial Joints

Back 25

Slightly moveable such as disc between vertabra

Front 26

Diathrodial joints

Back 26

Freely moveable joints - most common n the body

aka synovial joints

Front 27

Pivot Joint

Back 27

Joint allows for rotation and is characterized by the ring of one bone fitting into or around the process of another.

Example: elbow joint

Front 28

Hinge Joint

Back 28

Joint consists of a c-shaped surface of one bone rotating or swinging around the rounded surface of another

Example: elbow and knee

Front 29

Gliding Joint

Back 29

Joint allows bones to glide in all directions over eachother.

Example: between carpals of hands and tarsals of feet

Front 30

Ligaments vs Tendons

Back 30

Ligaments connect bone to bone

Tendons connects muscle to bone

Front 31

Saddle Joint

Back 31

Joint consists of the convex surface of one bone sitting in the concave surface of another.

Example: joint of thumb

Front 32

Ellipsoid Joint

Back 32

Joint in which the oval shaped surface of one bone fits into the elongated or elliptical shaped cavity of another.

Example: wrist, finger, toe joints

Front 33

Ball and Socket Joint

Back 33

Joint in which the ball like head of one bone fits into the cup shaped socket of another.

Example: shoulder joint

Front 34

Skeletal muscle consists of long cylindrical cells called ____________, each of which is comprised of thousands of smaller threadlike structures called ___________.

Back 34

Skeletal muscle consists of long cylindrical cells called muscle fibers each of which is comprised of thousands of smaller threadlike structures called myofibrils.

Front 35

3 classifications of Muscle tissue

Back 35

Cardiac (walls of heart)

Smooth (lines internal organs)

Skeletal (most abundant; voluntary)

Front 36

Sliding Filament Theory

Back 36

Suggests the when stimulated by the central nervous system, the small heads extending from the myosin filaments bind with the action filaments creating cross bridges.

Front 37

Myofibrils are comprised of even smaller contractual proteins called ___________; two types are _______, the thin filament and ______, the thick filament.

Back 37

Myofibrils are comprised of even smaller contractual proteins called myofilaments; two types are actin, the thin filament and myosin, the thick filament.

Front 38

Isotonic Action

Back 38

Action where the muscle shoetens and lengthens as force is generated against an external load

Front 39

Isometric Action

Back 39

Action where the muscle produces force, but there is no resulting movement and no change in muscle length

Hint 39

I.A.

Front 40

Difference between Concentric and Eccentric Phases

of Isotonic Action?

Back 40

Concentric is the shortening phase of isotonic muscle action.

Eccentric is the lenghtening phase of isotonic muscle action

Front 41

Agonist

Muscle functions

Back 41

Muscle(s) responsible for a specific movement

Front 42

Stabilizers

Muscle functions

Back 42

Muscles that function to support and stabilize a body segment which enables agonists to effectively perform the desired movement.

Front 43

Synergist

Muscle functions

Back 43

Other muscles that assist the agonist to perform a certain movement

Front 44

Antagonist

Muscle functions

Back 44

Muscle(s) that work in direct opposition to the agonist