Islam Bitcheeeees

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Sunna

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Tawhid

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Shirk

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Shari'a

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Fiqh

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'Ulama

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Ijma'

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Ijtihad

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Fatwa

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Mufti

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Wali

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Tariqa

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Falsafa

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Kalam

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Ash'aris

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Mu'tazilis

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Mihna

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Al-Farabi

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Ibn Tufayl

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Abu Hamid al-Ghazali

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Taqi ad-Din Ibn Taymiyya

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Salaf

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Salaf = first 3 generation after muhamad

Forcefully rejects "innovations" (Bid'a) not found among the early generations of Muslims, but takes both a liberal and conservative form.

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Hilya

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Arabesque

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Typically repeationg geometric patterns or flowers. Sort of other wordly, kind like god. Also, showing a sense of unity of god.

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Taj Mahal

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al-Jabarti

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This document, which is generally known in English simply as Al-Jabarti's History of Egypt and known in Arabic as Aja'ib al-athar fi al-tarajim wal-akhbar (عجائب الاَثار في التراجم والاخبار), became a world-famous historical text by virtue of its eyewitness accounts of Napoleon's invasion and Muhammad Ali's seizure of power. The entries from his chronicle dealing with the French expedition and occupation have been excerpted and compiled in English as a separate volume entitled Napoleon in Egypt.

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Sir Sayyid Ahmad Khan

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Indian.

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Jamal al-Din Afghani

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One of the founders of Islamic Modernism[4][5] and an advocate of Pan-Islamic unity,[6]

he has been described as being less interested in minor differences in Fiqh than he was in organizing a Muslim response toWestern pressure.[7]

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Tanzimat

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Re-organization. Transition from empire to nation state. New legal code sensus. abolish slavery, post offices, consittution, justice, currency.

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Turkification

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Fez forbidden, sufi tariqas abandoned, adhan given in turkish, sovernighty of nation not Quran or caliph. Almost to a point of civil religion.

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Ataturk

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Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (pronounced [mustäˈfä ceˈmäl äˈtäˌtyɾc]; 19 May 1881 (conventional) – 10 November 1938) was a Turkish army officer, revolutionary, and the first President of Turkey. He is credited with being the founder of the Republic of Turkey. His surname, Atatürk (meaning "Father of the Turks"), was granted to him in 1934 and forbidden to any other person by the Turkish parliament.[1]. Turkification. Ban of Fez + outlawed sufism + set up post offices and ****. Gained wierd got like stature.

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Reza Shah Pahlavi

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was the Shah of the Iran (Persia) from 15 December 1925 until he was forced toabdicate by the Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran on 16 September 1941.[2]In 1925, Rezā Shāh deposed Ahmad Shah Qajar, the last Shah of the Qajar dynasty, and founded the Pahlavi dynasty. He established a constitutional monarchy that lasted until overthrown in 1979 during the Iranian Revolution. attempt to remove chador, influenced by attaturk, glorification of pre islamic iran.

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Muhammad Reza Shah Pahlavi

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as the king of Iran (Shah of Iran) from 16 September 1941 until his overthrow by the Islamic Revolution on 11 February 1979. He took the title Shāhanshāh ("Emperor" or "King of Kings")[1] on 26 October 1967. He was the second and last monarch of the House of Pahlavi of the Iranian monarchy.Mohammad Reza Pahlavi came to power during World War II.A secular Muslim. Was supported by west. Operation ajax failed attempt to put shah back in power.

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Jalal Al-i Ahmad

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was a prominentIranian writer, thinker, and social and political critic. He coined the term Gharbzadegi - variously translated in English as "westernstruck", "westoxification", and "Occidentosis".[1] His message was embraced by the Ayatollah Khomeini. Marxist.

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Ali Shariati

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Black versus red shiism. Red = active, shiism of blood, martydom) black = inactive lamenting.

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Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini

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was an Iranian Mujtahid, revolutionary, politician, the founder of theIslamic Republic of Iran as the first Islamic government in the modern age and the leader of the 1979 Iranian Revolution which saw the overthrow of the Pahlavi monarchy and Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, the Shah of Iran who was supported by the United States. Following the revolution, Khomeini became the country's Supreme Leade

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Vilayat-i faqih

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Rule or guardianship by a jurist. The concept gained wide currency in the Shii world when it was used as the title of a published series of lectures given by Ayatollah Khomeini in 1969 . It became the form of Islamic government in Iran when Khomeini came to power in 1979 and became the supreme arbiter of all matters of government in Iran. The concept derives from the historical understanding that the exclusive right of interpretation of Islamic law belongs to religious scholars.

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Marja'-i taqlid

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Authority to be followed. Highest-ranking authorities of Twelver Shii community, who execute shariah. The term is usually applied to between four and eight high-ranking jurists (ayatollahs) locally or nationally; on the world scale, it is applied to only one or two jurists. The position is informally acquired and depends on patterns of loyalty and allegiance and the perceived conduct of the jurist. Two major ayatollahs holding this status after 1970 were Ayatollah Khomeini and Ayatollah Abu al-Qasim al-Khoi .

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Ayatollah

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Those who carry the title are experts in Islamic studies such as jurisprudence, ethics, and philosophy and usually teach inIslamic seminaries.

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Muhammad Abduh

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1849-1905. Egyptian Islamic jurist, religious scholar and liberal reformer, regarded as one of the key founding figures of Islamic Modernism. From the egpytian elite. Beleived egpty could learn from british. Became mufti of egypt. Believed in islamic rationalsim and a return to the quran.

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Talfiq

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Piecing together knowledge from varoius legal islamic schools. advocated by Muhammad Abduh (d. 1905 ) and his student Muhammad Rashid Rida (d. 1935 ) as a means to reform Islamic law.

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Hasan al-Banna

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1906-1949. Founder of Muslim Brother hood, an Islamist revival group founded in egypt in 1928.

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jahada

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jihad

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Al-Salaf al-Salih

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Sayyid Qutb

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Member of Islam brother hood. 1906-1966. Early life was an educator in Egypt. Was sent to Greely Colorodo. Saw west negatively. Famous for writings such as milestones, which ultimately was used in his trail which he was executed for allegedly wanting to overthrow the gov.

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minhaj

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jahiliyya

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Term reffering to the barbaric state of Arabia before Islam. Qutib saw countries that didn't follow shari'a as in the same boat.

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Muhammad 'Abd al-Salam Faraj

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Leader of radical Al-Jihad group. Executed 1982 for being behind the assassination of Egpytian presedint Anwar Sadat. = Qutib in action. Assasination supposed to be a call to arms for muslims/ uprising.

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Osama Bin Laden

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Spokesperson/Financer of Al-queda. From a wealthy saudi family. Lay muslim. Taliban felt he overstepped his bounds with his statements. returned to afghan in 1996 to re organize modern alqueda. The children of Iraq are our children.

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Mohammad Arkoun

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Algerian Scholar and advocate of moderism, secularism, and humanism.

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Tariq Ramadan

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Contemperary philosopher whos writings are concerned with pluralsim. Ramadan sent message of recognizing other scriptures legitmacy, Not getting what you want out of them, asking questions, and self critisism.