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20 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

what countries have had the largest polluters

Eu and NA, East Asia, Soviet Bloc in eastern europe, Latin America and Africa

How do common pool resources differ from public goods

a. They are rival in consumption. CorrectCorrectb. They are excludable.c. They are more expensive to provide.d. They never suffer from overuse.

How has the United States participated in the Kyoto Protocol?

a. It has signed and ratified the treaty.b. It has failed to ratify the treaty. CorrectCorrectc. It has ratified the treaty and dramatically cut its carbon emissions.d. It is one of the treaty's strongest proponents.

In general, what is the relationship between per-capita income and environmental performance?

a. As income increases, performance decreases.b. There is no relationship between income and environmental performance.c. It is impossible to discern a relationship between the two.d. As income increases, performance increases.

In which area has there been successful international effort to address a global environmental concern?

a. the protection of endangered speciesb. overfishing and depletion of global fisheriesc. ozone depletion caused by the release of chlorofluorocarbons CorrectCorrectd. the release of greenhouse-gas emissions

Overexploitation of natural resources tends to be a problem for what kind of good?

Select one:a. public goodb. private goodc. common good CorrectCorrectd. governmental good

Public goods are

Select one:a. excludable and rival.b. nonexcludable and rival.c. excludable and nonrival.d. nonexcludable and nonrival. CorrectCorrectFeedback

The overall relationship between income and environmental protection is

a. linearly increasing.b. linearly decreasing.c. nonlinearly positive. CorrectCorrectd. nonlinearly negative.

What does the Kyoto Protocol do?

a. It prohibits the release of chlorofluorocarbons.b. It establishes an international monitoring committee, known as the IPCC, to review and sanction countries that exceed greenhouse-gas emissions targets.c. It attempts to prevent overfishing by enclosing and establishing property rights in global fisheries.d. It attempts to limit greenhouse-gas emissions by establishing a carbon-trading system that privatizes costs and eliminates externalities.

What is a characteristic of a public good

a. infinite supplyb. nonexcludability CorrectCorrectc. rivaled in consumptiond. efficiency

What is a TAN?

a. transitional agreement negotiationb. transnational advocacy network CorrectCorrectc. transboundary agreement on neutralityd. terminal advice node

What is an externality?

a. a form of environmental agreementb. a type of greenhouse gasc. a cost imposed on other actors by someone undertaking a particular action CorrectCorrectd. a relationship between environmental NGOs and domestic governments

What is NOT a reason that cooperation on ozone layer depletion has been relatively effective?

a. Countries instituted a complete ban of CFCs.b. The number of CFC-emitting countries is small.c. It is relatively inexpensive to get rid of CFCs.d. The United States has provided subsidies to nations who commit to reducing their CFC output. CorrectCorrectFeedback

What is one obstacle to international cooperation on climate change?

Countries do not understand how to address climate change.b. The costs of global warming are largely unknown. CorrectCorrectc. Addressing climate change violates human rights.d. Many countries are prohibited from addressing climate change by their domestic courts.

What is the clash between development and environmental protection

a. To develop, you must first protect the environment.b. Environmental protection makes development more difficult. CorrectCorrectc. Developed countries want to protect their own environments but less developed countries will not let them.d. Less developed countries want to protect their own environments but developed countries will not let them.

What is the primary mechanism for implementing international environmental agreements?

a. the IPCC, the environmental enforcement arm of the United Nationsb. the international environmental agreements themselvesc. national laws and policies CorrectCorrectd. bilateral agreements and the threat of sanctions

What is the significance of the Lima Accord?

a. It is the first time all nations, including the United States and China, agreed to cut greenhouse-gas emissions. CorrectCorrectb. It is the first time both Japan and Germany agreed to environmental and labor standards governing imports.c. It is the first time OPEC agreed to limit oil production.d. It is the first time an international moratorium on whaling was established.

Which of the following is an example of a public good?

a. cable newsb. the United Nationsc. international fisheriesd. clean air CorrectCorrect

Which of the following is NOT normally a solution to the collective-action problem that plagues environmental questions in international relations?

a. establish joint products that link public and private goodsb. grant one power the authority to make all decisions CorrectCorrectc. ensure repeated interactions to develop trust and familiarityd. defining problems narrowly so as to limit the number of actors involved

Which statement best describes the success of international environmental cooperation?

a. The international community has addressed the hole in the ozone layer more successfully than it has addressed climate change. CorrectCorrectb. The international community has addressed climate change more successfully than it has addressed the hole in the ozone layer.c. The international community has failed to address CFC emissions.d. The international community has not yet created an agreement to address climate change.