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80 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Federal Role |
Develops health promotion and diseaseprevention policy and programs Transfers funds to provinces to share costof medically necessary health services Directs care for specific groups as per theCanada Health Act. e.g. First Nation’s |
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Provincial/Territorial Role |
Develop and administer provincial healthcare insurance plan* Plan and finance health care servicesaccording to the Canada Health Act Follow 5 principles of Medicare to receivefull federal funding for health care |
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Five Principles of Medicare |
Public Administration: run by public authority on anon-profit basis Comprehensiveness: all necessary services Universality: same level of care for all Canadians Portability: coverage when moving or travelling Accessibility: reasonable access to health carefacilities |
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Health Authorities |
Identify health needs of people in aspecific geographical area Plans programs/services to meet thosehealth needs Ensure programs/services are properlyfunded and managed Ensure programs/services meetperformance objectives |
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health authorities of bc |
Fraser Health Authority • Vancouver Coastal Health Authority • Northern Health Authority • Interior Health Authority • Vancouver Island Health Authority • Provincial Health Authority |
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What services do the HealthAuthorities provide? |
i. Primary Health Careii. Acute Careiii. Rehabilitation Careiv. Palliative/End of Life Carev. Continuing Care/Long Term Care |
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i. Primary Health Care |
The first and most frequent point ofcontact with the health care system Includes: Medical clinics, Mental Health& Addictions, Health Promotion, andChronic disease management |
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Hospital/Acute Care |
Services provided by hospitals:Emergency care, Inpatient care,Outpatient care The “patient” receives active shorttermtreatment for severe or urgentinjury, illness, conditions, or surgery |
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iii. Rehabilitation Care |
Rehabilitation is treatment designed topromote recovery from injury or illnessto as normal a condition as possible Example: a rehab facility helps withthe recovery from a car accident orstroke |
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iv. Palliative/End of Life Care |
Supportive & compassionate care thatimproves the quality of life ofterminally ill people Focus is on comfort with no furtherattempts to treat/cure. |
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v. Continuing/Long Term Care |
Continuing Care is designed to maintaina person’s ability as long as possible. Ithelps people with chronic conditions Example: an elderly lady who can nolonger do her ADLs due to arthritis pain |
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Regulated Profession |
Health care workers that are licensed(regulated) by law and have to followprofessional rules and boundariesMedical Doctors - MDRegistered Nurses – RNLicensed Practical Nurses – LPNPhysiotherapists – PTRegistered Massage Therapist – RMT |
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Unregulated Profession |
Health Care workers that are not licensedor regulated ie: HCAs HCAs follow educational teaching, theirjob description and the laws of Canada HCAs have a registry but its does notprovide licensing |
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2. Long Term Care Eligibility |
Accessing CC/LTC is determined by needand urgency A person/family/friend can apply for serviceby contacting the Home & Community Careoffice in the local health authorit If assessment is needed, a case managervisits the client. If eligible, a plan is madewith the family, MD and other health careprofessionals to determine the requiredservices . Appropriate services are then provided |
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3. Goals, philosophies and approaches of care |
Philosophy… the most basic beliefs, concepts, andattitudes of an individual or group A “model of care” is a philosophy aboutcare that defines goals and values to helpstaff make the best choices for residen |
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Using Models of Care |
Gives clear definitions of what is desired forthe person (“maintain me” VS “cure me”)* Models of Care helps all people living andworking in an area understand what focusis important and what they can expect Creates a safe, predictable community* There are many LTC care options in BC The care given should be the same qualityfrom place to place (Universality CHA) But a person may choose a specific optionbased on the model of care (philosophy)and their own values, goals and desires |
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i. Person-Centered Care |
An individual approach that provides carecentered around the person, not just theirhealth needs It respects and incorporates the resident’slifelong traditions and values IT encourages interactions with family,friends and staff in meaningful ways |
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ii. Eden Philosophy |
Focuses on improving the well-being ofElders & caregivers by transforming thecommunities in which they live & work The goal is to eliminate loneliness,helplessness and boredom* |
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Gentle Care Philosophy |
The model for dementia care Promotes dignified & respectfulperson-centered care practices Puts daily needs of the residents first Supports existing abilities throughparticipation in meaningful programs |
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iii. CARES |
Another model for dementia care Sees aging as a natural process Focuses on treating residents withcompassion, respect and dignity Involves family members and friends Involves resident in care and activities tomaintain meaningful lives |
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v. Assisted Living |
Housing and assistance for adults who wantto live independently but need some help Focuses on dignity, privacy and individuality.Respects resident’s right to take risks. Supports residents to make choices andmanage their own lives. |
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Roles and Responsibilities of HCAs |
HCAs work in both facility and communitysettings. Their roles and responsibilities differbetween these two settings. Facility: Complex Care, Hospitals, Rehab Community: Adult Day Centers, AssistedLiving, Group Homes, Hospice, Client Homes |
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Challenges in a Facility |
Working in a structured team Meeting multiple needs and demands Respecting your scope of practice Doing many tasks in a short time period Working in shifts |
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Challenges in Community Settings |
Working on your own* Taking direction from family anddifferent health care professionals* Providing client & personal safety* Establishing work limits* Maintaining professional boundaries* |
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Personal Assistant Guidelines-PAG |
PAGs are set by the BC Ministry of Health Especially important in community wheretasks can multiply and extend beyond ourscope and there is no nurse to take over PAGs define assignable tasks anddelegated tasks |
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Assignable Tasks for an HCA |
Assignable tasks are tasks/skillsperformed by a HCA who has thetraining, knowledge and skill. They are based on “core competencies”(defined by the Ministry of Health),which VCC curriculum is built on. HCA’s can only do tasks they’ve beentaught in school and by the employer. It is up to the HCA to identify things theydon’t know and ask for training from thesupervisor. ie: a new machine, a skill they learnedin school but never p |
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standards |
Standard A level of performance that is accepted asnormal or average and the expected levelof performance in care giving* Work/tasks are not performed up to thestandard are unacceptable. |
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Agency/Facility/EmployerStandards |
Agencies and facilities follow standards inorder to get licensing and accreditation Employees are expected to workaccording to the standards If all employees follow the standards, itprovides proof of safe, quality health care* |
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policies |
Rules to help staff make appropriatedecisions in certain situations Policies explain how the facility/agency/institutions expects them to behave Responsibilities of staff is defined |
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Procedure |
A way of doing something correctly, theway the facility/agency/institutes expects Step by step description for performingtasks in the way the facility/agency expects Ie: bed bath, catheter care, enemas, lifts |
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Human rights |
Legal, social, or ethical principles offreedom or entitlement Fundamental rules about what is allowed orowed to people |
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6. Confidentiality |
It is our responsibility to keep allinformation about the client/resident private We cannot share information about theclient unless it’s about their care and withpeople directly involved in that care(ie: RN, PT, MD) |
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Rights of people receiving ca |
Informed on all aspects of the care Treated with dignity & respect Privacy & confidentiality Able to agree or refuse treatment ormedications Free from abuse, neglect & restraint Expect well trained health care workers3 |
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Rights of Caregivers (HCAs)
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Adequate & safe working conditions Fair wages Treated with respect Free from discrimination & harassmentProper training, instruction, & supervisionAble to refuse tasks that you’re nottrained to do |
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Rights of Care Facilities/ Agencies |
Expect employees to do the job Have employees follow policy/proceduresExpect honesty, cooperation andreasonable respect from employees Expect employees to be present andon time for shifts |
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Right of client/resident families |
Expect certain standards of care Expect that the client/resident isrespected, valued & well looked after Expect good communication between thefamily and staff |
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responsibility |
Commitment or obligation to someone orsomething Duty or moral commitment Being responsible, answerable, oraccountable for something |
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Responsibilities of clients/residents |
Treat HCA with respect Respect the rights of HCA Provide a safe environment for HCABe there at appointed time Let HCA leave at appointed timeHave mature & appropriate relationship |
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Responsibilities of caregivers (HCA) |
Maintain care standards Maintain safety of the resident & selfRecognize limitations & ask for help Follow policies & procedures Practice in an ethical & legal manner Maintain confidentiality Encourage independence of resident/clientMaintain good personal health standardsBe punctual, dependable & accountableRecognize the need for ongoing learning |
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Responsibilities ofCare Facilities/ Agencies |
Maintain standards of care Provide adequate working conditions Provide policy & procedure manual includingjob description, conditions of work, benefits Respect the rights of the employees Evaluate employees/update them on progress |
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Responsibilities ofclients’/residents’ family |
Depends on how much client/residentwants family to be involved Provide agency with information May have to be a “guardian” (legally &financially) for the client |
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limitations |
Lack of ability/knowledge to complete a taskRestrictions and boundariesScope of practice/ job description |
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limitations of hca |
Do only what you’ve been trained to do &according to the employer’s policiesDon’t do anything that can cause harmNever give medications unless delegatedor allowed by your job descriptionNever perform a task you’ve forgotten howto do. Ask RN for guidance Never take oral/telephone ordersNever diagnose, prescribe treatments/drugsor tell the client/family the diagnosis ortreatment plan*Never perform procedures requiring steriletechniqueNever supervise other HCA’s |
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liability |
A person is legally liable when they arefinancially and/or legally responsible forsomething0You are legally liable for doing less thatyou should or for doing more than youshould |
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negligence |
Occurs when you fail to act carefully orcompetently and thereby harm the personor damage property An unintentional wrong You did not do what a reasonable personwould have done in the same position |
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malpractice |
Negligence committed by a professionalperson (e.g. doctor, nurse)Doing things prohibited by the professionallicensing/regulatory body (ie: CRNBC)HCA’s could not be charged withmalpractice, because they are unregulatedcaregivers with no licensing* |
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demfamation |
Injuring the reputation of a person by makingfalse statements about them slander = spoken word libel = written word |
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assult + battery |
The threat or attempt to touch aperson’s body without conse Unauthorized touching of a person’sbody without consent* |
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6) Invasion of Privacy |
Unnecessary exposure of a person’s bodyRevealing personal information about aperson without having given consent |
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false imprisonment |
Unlawful restraintRestrictions on a client’s freedom ofmovementConfinement to an area that a client doesnot want to be in |
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libel |
Damaging a person’s reputation by writtenword or through picturesAs an HCA we don’t write too much butwhen we do we have to be carefulWritten things* in healthcare can be usedin legal law suits as evidence |
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hca written communication |
Flow sheets for care that we have done*Bowel sheetsEnd of shift report (not usual)Most written communication is done by thenurse with us giving an oral version(ie; incident reports, WCB forms, charting) |
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ethics |
Autonomy - having choices about decisions thataffect one’s life (ie: preferences) Justice – treating all people fairly & equallyBeneficence - doing or promoting good Nonmaleficence - Do no harm, neitherintentional (abuse) or unintentional (negligence) |
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1. Basic Concepts of Team development and Group process |
1) Forming – the group is new and everyone ishappy and welcoming .2) Storming - the group faces common problems.Ie: unclear goals, conflict between teammembers, lack of motivation. Members mustdecide how they will deal with conflict. 3) Norming/Performing - team passes stormingby working out internal conflicts. They arenow in tune with the norms/expectations ofthe team. This stage is high productivity. 4) Adjourning/Mourning - the team disbandsbecause the team objectives have been met. |
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group process |
Group process refers to how an organization'smembers work together to get things done. In health care, professionals work together inorder to provide care to people. Each teammember brings different skills and knowledge |
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2. Benefits and Challenges of working on a team |
Benefits• Increased opportunities for collaboration• Increased opportunities for communication• Wide range of abilities, skills & perspectives• Better decision making and problem solving Challenges• Recognizing role boundaries• Being flexible• Many different abilities, ideas and viewpoints• Can be a slower process• Handling conflict between team members |
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3. Principles of Collaboration |
Collaboration means working with each other todo a task and to achieve shared goal.Principles include: Shared values, goals and perceptions Cooperation Trust |
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4. Roles and responsibilities of various team members |
Health care team: health care workersplanning & administering care as a team.It is a multi-disciplinary team because it ismade up for various health disciplines thatwork together. |
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Goal of the Health Care Team |
To provide the best care possible for theresident/client/patient. No discipline is moreimportant, all are regarded as equals. |
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nursing team |
A group of RNs, LPNs and HCAs working underthe leadership of a qualified RN or LPN,having the goal of giving good nursing care.RNs are usually the team leader on each shift(the RN changes from shift to shift just as thestaff changes) |
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nursing team |
residential care • Director of Nursing/Director of Care(DON/DOC)• Team Leaders RNs• LPNs• HCAs home support Home Support• Supervisor (RN)• RN’s• LPN’s• HCAs |
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hca needs too... |
1. Use a collaborative, cooperative approach2. Have the ability to give & receive help3. Participate in their learning & development4. Share knowledge & skills as appropriate5. Have respect for diversity amoung teammembers 6. Demonstrate integrity in all relationships7. Be responsible & accountable to theteam, residents and families8. Have an openness & willingness to seek &provide constructive feedback9. Use effective communication* |
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professionalism |
• An approach towards work that showsrespect for others, commitment,competence and appropriate behaviors• Even if you are not a “professional”(licensed and regulated) you are stillexpected to use professionalism |
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Professional Approach to Care |
• Respect for the equality, dignity, rights,& fair treatment of others• Respect for privacy & confidentiality• Creative & flexible in adapting care &resources to meet the needs &realities of the situation• Responsible for maintaining self care* |
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to be responsible |
• Having an obligation to do something aspart of a job or role.• Being the primary cause of something andso able to be blamed or credited for it.• You are responsible for adhering to therules of professional conduct |
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to be accountable |
• Being willing to accept responsibility & toexplain your actions, inactions, oromissions, intentions, & decisions.• Rests solely on the individual caregiver• You are accountable for your own actions |
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HCA Accountability & Responsibility |
• Know and follow policies of agency or facility• Provide safe & ethical care• Report to work when scheduled and on time(inform supervisors ASAP if late or unable to work)• Never blame others and admit own mistakes• Finish assigned tasks – or report to supervisorspromptly if cannot finish assignment7 |
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professional boudariers |
• Professional boundaries are behaviorlimits within work relationships• They keep the caregiver-client-familyrelationships safe where the limits arerecognized and respected.• They CYA!! |
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importance of boundaries |
• Establishing a professional boundaryallows safe relationships to develop,while meeting the client’s needs• All people within the professionalrelationship understand the limitationsof each others role |
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Professional relationshipbetween HCA, client and family |
friendly, respectful but not intimate• A helping relationship exists.• A “duty of care” exists with the client• Keep the relationship with theclient/family within the workplace |
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Violating Professional Boundarie |
• Happens when a HCA becomes overinvolved with a client• E.g. Display favourism, have an intimateor business relationship with a client;accept or ask for a favour from a client; orexceeds professional disclosure limits* |
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professional self-disclosure |
• Revealing personal information to clients• Sometimes its difficult to know where theboundaries are• Generally though, keep personal thingsprivate and do not discuss money, sex orpersonal problems• What about religion and politics? |
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Personal competence andCaring Practice |
• Includes all the ways that HCA’s do theirjob (practice) that contributes to morepersonalized and client-centered care.• It is NOT about the tasks of “giving care”but rather about HOW you give care1 |
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How does the competence ofHCA affect caring practice? |
• Competency means performing your jobsafely & within one’s scope of practice,job description, and legal limits• DIPPS+C is incorporated into thecompetence of an VCC HCA graduate,leading to a caring practice* |
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importance of life long learning |
Lifelong learning in health care is both:• Formal and planned academic learning(long or short term)• Informal – all the things you havelearned with working experience |
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labor union |
• HEU (Hospital Employees Union) in facilityand BCGEU (BC Government EmployeesUnion) in community• Being in a union means you are part of agroup where members are all treated thesame under a “collective agreement”• You give up your rights to negotiate foryourself when you are part of a union1 |
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rights of union |
• Union members have their rights definedunder a collective agreement (a contractspecifying terms & conditions of employment)• The collective agreement explains the rulesthat the union members and the employermust follow (“bargained” regularly)• Union members have the right to follow aprocess if they think the rules have beenbroken (“grieve”) |
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responsibilites of the union |
• Negotiate Collective Agreement• Protects the rights of the workers on the job• Provide benefits & resources, e.g. Education & training opportunities Health & safety support Legal support |
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Implications for HCA |
You are part of a “collective”, so ifsomething is decided by the group, youhave to follow it (ex: “strike”)• Pay union dues• Know the benefits & resources of HEU• Understand the Collective Agreement2 |
