Invitation To The Life Span Chapter 1-3

Front 1

Scientific Method

Back 1

Ask a question, develop a hypothesis, test hypothesis, draw conclusions, publish results

Front 2

Scientific Observation

Back 2

Unconstructively watching usually in a natural setting

Front 3

Survey

Back 3

Online, phone, paper, person, many at a time

Front 4

Correlation

Back 4

Assess relationship between two variables, does not infer causation

Front 5

Experiment

Back 5

Only way to establish causation

Front 6

Cross Sectional Research

Back 6

Compare participants who differ in age, but are similar in other respects

Front 7

Longitudinal Research

Back 7

Same individuals studied over longer timespans

Front 8

Psychoanalytic Theory

Back 8

Based on belief that irrational, unconscious drives and motives direct human behavior

Front 9

Sigmund Freud Theory

Back 9

Psychosexual:

Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, Genital

Gratification drives growth

Front 10

Erik Erikson Theory

Back 10

Trust vs. Mistrust

Autonomy vs. Doubt

Initiative vs. Guilt

Industry vs. Inferiority

Intimacy vs. Isolation

Generatively vs. Stagnation

Integrity vs. Despair

Front 11

Behaviorism

Back 11

Study what can be seen, not thought

B.F Skinner

Front 12

Social Learning Theory

Back 12

Albert Bandura - Bobo Doll study

Front 13

Cognitive Theory

Back 13

Jean Piaget

Sensorimoter

Pre-operational

Concrete operational

Formal operational

Front 14

Sociocultural Theory - Vygotsky

Back 14

Guided participation

Front 15

Sociocultural Theory - Bronfenbrenner

Back 15

Ecological Systems

Microsystem

Mesosystem

Exosystem

Macrosystem

Chronosystem

Front 16

Chromosomes

Back 16

23 pairs in each cell

Front 17

Gene

Back 17

Section of a chromosome

Front 18

DNA

Back 18

Molecular basis of heredity

Front 19

Gametes

Back 19

Reproductive cells (ovum for female, sperm for males)

Front 20

Genotype

Back 20

Two gametes meet and form a zygote to make

Front 21

Phenotype

Back 21

Genotype converts, then genes are expressed

Front 22

Germinal Period

Back 22

First 2 weeks, Conception to implantation.

Forms a blastocyst

over 50% of implantations fail

Front 23

Embryonic Period

Back 23

22 days after conception

4 weeks, head, eyes, ears, mouth, nose

5 weeks, Arms, leg buds, heartbeat

8 weeks, basic organs

1 gram

Front 24

Fetal Period

Back 24

Age of viability - Around 22 weeks

Normal gestation is 38 weeks

Front 25

Birth process

Back 25

Hormones are released in mothers body to start contractions.

Front 26

Apgar Scale

Back 26

Scale that measures baby's health after birth

Front 27

3 stages of birthing

Back 27

pre labor, active pushing, placenta

Front 28

Chromosomal abnormalities

Back 28

more dangerous, older woman, down syndrome

Front 29

Genetic abnormalities

Back 29

More common, ex. diabetes, sickle cell anemia

Front 30

Teratogens

Back 30

Things that impair development

Timing of exposer matters

Amount of exposer matters

Critical periods

Front 31

Head sparring

Back 31

Excess fat is stored so the brain can continue developing in the case of malnutrition

Front 32

Transient Exuberance

Back 32

Increase in the number of dendrites and synapses over the first two years of life

Front 33

Pruning

Back 33

Unused neural connections shrink and strengthen used connections

Front 34

REM sleep

Back 34

Rapid eye movement

Front 35

Ample sleep allows for

Back 35

Brain maturation, Learning, Emotional regulation, growth

Front 36

Perceiving senses

Back 36

Nervous system contacts stimuli, stimuli processes based on prior experiences

Front 37

Hearing

Back 37

Acute at birth

Front 38

Sight

Back 38

Lest mature at birth, Infants like contrasts

Front 39

Tasting

Back 39

Comfort and social interaction

Front 40

Reflexes

Back 40

Breathing, sneezing, thrashing. leg tuck, cry, shiver, sucking, rooting, and swallowing

Front 41

Gross motor skills

Back 41

Slowly develop big muscle group

Front 42

Fine motor skills

Back 42

Small body movement

Grab at 4 months

Pincer grip at 10-12 months

Front 43

Dynamic Sensory

Back 43

Motor systems work together, help to explore that world

Front 44

Immunizations

Back 44

Stimulate body's immune system to defend against disease

Front 45

Nutrition

Back 45

Breast milk is best, gives baby antibodies

Front 46

Adaptation

Back 46

New information is taken in

Front 47

Accomodation

Back 47

Readjusting schemas

Front 48

Object Permanence

Back 48

Objects exist out of view

developed by 8 months

A not B study

Front 49

Memory

Back 49

Infants have memory

It is organized differently

Duration changes

Front 50

Affordances

Back 50

Drive development as an opportunity for perception and interaction

Front 51

Depth perception

Back 51

Visual cliff task

Front 52

Habituation

Back 52

Used in research to test what infants know