Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
CNS stands for? Components?
|
central nervous system; brain and spinal cord
|
|
Peripheral nervous system components?
|
cranial and spinal nerves, ganglia, plexuses, peripheral nerves
|
|
Peripheral nervous system has two parts: ?
|
somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system
|
|
The somatic afferent system is responsible for ____ from the ___ to the ___?
|
sensory input from body to CNS
|
|
The somatic efferent system is responsible for ____ to the ___?
|
motor output to skeletal (voluntary ) muscles of body
|
|
The visceral afferent system is responsible for ____ from the ___ to the ___?
|
sensory input from organs and internal receptors to CNS
|
|
The visceral efferent system is responsible for ____ to the ___?
|
motor output (involuntary) to organs and glands of body
|
|
The two parts of the autonomic nervous system are
|
-sympathetic nervous system
-parasympathetic nervous system |
|
The three functional types of neurons are?
|
-afferent (sensory)
-efferent (motor) -interneuron |
|
Afferent neurons carry information from ____ to ____
|
periphery (body) to CNS
|
|
The three types of information that afferent neurons carry are?
|
-somatic afferent information
-special somatic afferent information -visceral afferent information |
|
Examples of somatic afferent information:
|
pain, temperature, pressure, touch or vibration from body surface; muscle or tendon stretch from joints/muscles of body
|
|
Examples of special afferent information:
|
from special sense organs of head (vision, hearing, equilibrium, taste, smell)
|
|
Examples of visceral afferent information
|
pain, pressure, stretch from internal organs; chemical pressure responses from internal receptors
|
|
Efferent neurons ____ from ___ to ___
|
output control from CNS to body
|
|
Efferent neurons carry two types of information ?
|
-somatic efferent information
-visceral efferent information |
|
What is somatic efferent information?
|
motor control of voluntary muscles
|
|
What is visceral efferent information?
|
motor to organs, glands (autonomic nervous system)
|
|
Where are interneurons located?
|
entirely within CNS
|
|
What do interneurons connect?
|
afferent inputs to efferent output
|
|
What do interneurons do?
|
integrate sensory inputs, store information, determine responses
|
|
The central portion of the spinal cord consists of gray matter that contains what?
|
neuron cell bodies, dendrites, and synapses
|
|
Gray matter in the spinal cord is the site of what?
|
neuronal integration and computation
|
|
What are the three horns that the gray matter is divided into in the spinal cord?
|
-dorsal horn
-ventral horn -lateral horn |
|
The dorsal horn is responsible for what?
|
receiving axons from afferent neurons
|
|
The ventral horn is the location of what?
|
efferent neuron cell bodies
|
|
The lateral horn is the location of what and is found where?
|
-autonomic preganglionic neuron cell bodies
-only in T1-L2 and S2-S4 spinal cord regions |
|
The peripheral portion of the spinal cord consists of what?
|
white matter
|
|
White matter contains what and interconnects what?
|
-myelinated neuron axons
-gray matter regions |
|
Where are the axons of white matter?
|
running up and down spinal cord
|
|
How are the axons of white matter organized?
|
into tracts - bundles of functionally related axons
|
|
The descending tracts of whit matter carry what?
|
motor information down from brain to spinal motor neurons
|
|
The ascending tracts of white matter carry what?
|
sensory information up from body to brain
|
|
The ventral root of the spinal cord is for ?
|
exit of motor (efferent) neuron axons from spinal cord
|
|
The dorsal root of the spinal cord is for ?
|
entry of sensory (afferent) neuron axons into spinal cord
|
|
Dorsal root ganglion is the location of what?
|
sensory neuron cell bodies
|
|
What is a ganglion?
|
collection of neuron cell bodies located outside of CNS
|
|
The spinal nerve is formed by what?
|
junction of dorsal and ventral roots
|
|
The spinal nerve contains ?
|
both motor and sensory fibers (axons)
|
|
Where does the spinal nerve exit the vertebral column?
|
through intervertebral foramen (between adjacent vertebrae)
|
|
___ pairs of cervical nerves
|
8 (C1-C8)
|
|
___ pairs of thoracic nerves
|
12 (T1-T12)
|
|
___ pairs of lumbar nerves
|
5 (L1-L5)
|
|
___ pairs of sacral nerves
|
5 (S1-S5)
|
|
___ pairs of coccygeal nerves
|
1 (Co1)
|
|
What is dermatome?
|
area of skin innervated by single spinal cord level (by single pair of spinal nerves)
|
|
What is a dermatome map?
|
shows skin areas innervated by each spinal cord level
|
|
Several spinal nerves join together within a ___ to innervate limbs
|
plexus
|
|
When the nerves from different spinal levels leave the plexus, they are a named ___?
|
peripheral nerve
|
|
What is a nerve?
|
a bundle of parallel axons (nerve fibers) held together by connective tissue
|