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84 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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argument
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a verbal or physical altercation
a disagreeance |
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method of argument
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the way to attack a specific type of argument
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what is the 1st noble truth of Buddhism?
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life is dukkha (suffering)
birth, sickness, decrepitude, dislikes, separation, fear of death |
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what is the 2nd noble truth of Buddhism?
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Tahnia (desire / selfishness)
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what is the 3rd noble truth of Buddhism?
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cessation of suffering
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what is the 4th noble truth of Buddhism?
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eightfold path.
right views, right intent, right speech, right conduct, right livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness, right concentration |
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what is ethical theory?
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how one should live
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what are virtue ethics?
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character is what is important
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which philosophers had virtue ethics?
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aristotle, plato, socrates
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what is deontology?
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the theory that there are objective moral standards
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which philosophers followed deontology?
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kant, reagan, and ayn rand
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what is samsara?
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eternal return
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what is ren?
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benevolence among humans, especially among communities and social class
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what is li?
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rituals, customs, etiquette
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what is xiao?
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kindness and respect among family and community members
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what is yi?
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rightness in community
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what is chun tzu?
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ideal person is poised, self confident; an aristocrat
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what did the sophists believe in?
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skepticism and success
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what is protagorus?
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man is the measure of all things (things that are and things that are not)
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what are the 3 ideas of gorgias?
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1) nothing exists
2) if anything exists, it is unknowable 3) if it is knowable, it can not be communicated |
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what is the socratic method?
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socrates asks for a definition, explains why it fails, asks for another, and repeats this until the other person gives up
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what is the difference between a genus and a species?
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a genus is a general category; a species is a specific category
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what are means and ends?
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means are the way you get to an end; ends are the things which you aim at
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what is teleology?
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the theory that man has a function or goal
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what is soft determinism?
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the theory that every event has a cause and goes with free will; no moral responsibility
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describe the philosopher Sartre
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libertarian, existentialist, believed in choice and free will
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describe the philosopher Rhada Krishnan
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soft determinist, believed in karma, moral responsibility, choice
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describe the philosopher Waller
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soft determinist, believed in science, choice, and no moral responsibility
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what is indeterminism?
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the theory that not every event is caused
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what did Richard Dawkins believe in?
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natural selection
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what is essentialism?
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the theory that there is an essential nature in animals and things.
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what is the scientific method?
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observation --> hypothesis --> experiments --> revised hypothesis --> more experiments --> theory
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how old is the earth according to science and religion?
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science- 4.7 billion years
religion- 6,000 years |
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what is Mory Daly's idea of a male stereotype?
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hyper-rational
objective aggressive emotionally unavailable |
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what is Mory Daly's idea of a female stereotype?
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hyper-emotional
subjective passive emotionally available |
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what are archetypes?
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universal symbols of men and women which represent their ideal social role (i.e. wife, mother, husband, provider)
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what are God's attributes?
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all powerful, all loving, all knowing, omnipresent, and good.
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what is empiricism?
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the theory that we know things because me experience them through our senses
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what is rationalism?
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the theory that some of our knowledge comes from reason.
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what is "Tabula Rasa"?
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a blank slate
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what is "A posteriori"?
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after experience
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what is skepticism?
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to doubt
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what is common sense skepticism?
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the theory that you should doubt some stuff at some time or another
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what is methodical skepticism?
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the theory that you should doubt if there is any reason to doubt
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what is empiricism?
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the theory that we know things because me experience them through our senses
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what is absolute skepticism?
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the theory that you should hold belief about everything at all times.
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whawt is mysticism?
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the theory that it is possible to have direct experience with God
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what is rationalism?
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the theory that some of our knowledge comes from reason.
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what is cogito ergo sum?
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i think, therefore i exist
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what is "Tabula Rasa"?
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a blank slate
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what is "A posteriori"?
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after experience
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what is skepticism?
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to doubt
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what is common sense skepticism?
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the theory that you should doubt some stuff at some time or another
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what is methodical skepticism?
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the theory that you should doubt if there is any reason to doubt
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what is absolute skepticism?
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the theory that you should hold belief about everything at all times.
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whawt is mysticism?
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the theory that it is possible to have direct experience with God
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what is cogito ergo sum?
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i think, therefore i exist
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What is Cartesian Foundationalism?
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the theory that knowledge is based on absolutely sure beliefs
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what is David Hume's 1st argument?
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our thoughts and ideas, when analyzed, are reduced to simple ideas (therefore, God is a simple idea)
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what is David Hume's 2nd argument?
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if you can not see or hear someone or something, your ideas of them are reduced.
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what is Clifford's argument?
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if you have insufficient evidence to believe something, you should not believe it
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what are simple beliefs?
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easily interpreted (i.e. the cat is on the mat)
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what are complex beliefs?
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open to interpretation (i.e. she is a good student. he is a bad person.)
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what is pragmatism?
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the theory that you have the right to believe something if and only if it works
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what is ethical egoism?
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the theory that one should do what is in one's own self interest
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what is psychological egoism?
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the theory that humans always do what is in their own self interest
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describe the philosopher Jeremy Bentham
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scientific reformer, created ethical Hedonism
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what did Aquina believe about man?
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man is a rational being
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what is Hedonism?
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the theory that pleasure is the highest good
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what is Act Utilitarianism?
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the theory that every action should be determined as good or bad by the principle of utility
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what is Telos?
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a definite nature
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what is altruism?
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the view that people should do what is in other people's best interest
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what is sacrifice?
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to give a greater value for a lesser value
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what is love?
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the selfish value of action toward someone
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describe altruistic metaphysics.
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the universe is malevolent and doomed
it is impossible for humans to be successful and happy "life boat ethics" |
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describe egoist metaphysics
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the universe is neutral and not doomed
happiness is possible no "life boat ethics" |
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what is ethical absolutism?
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the theory that there are absolute ethical standards
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what is ethical relativism?
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the theory that no moral principles are universally valid.
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what is ethical objectivism?
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the theory that there are objective moral standards.
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what is deontology?
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the theory that an action is good because the act is good in itself
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what is consequentialism?
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the theory that consequences are what make an action good
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what is good will?
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the only thing that is good unto itself
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what is a maxim?
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a general rule that tells us what to do
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what is the difference between Kant and Mill?
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Kant believed actions were important
Mill believed consequences were important |
