Introduction To Environmental Engineering Final Exam

Front 1

What was established through the Clean Air Act Amendments?

Back 1

Comprehensive federal law that regulates air emissions for stationary and mobile sources.

- Air quality and emissions limitations

- Ozone protection

- prevention of significant deterioration of Air quality (by using filters, and other equip.)

- Plans for attainment areas (Areas with have worse air quality than the National Ambient Air Quality Standards)

- Emission Standards (Regulations on vehicles, aircraft, clean fuel cars, ect.)

- Noise Pollution Regulations

- Acid Deposition Control (Acid Rain Control)

- Permits of Emissions

~It required large businesses to address pollutants released into the air, measure their quantity, and have a plan to control and minimize them as well as to periodically report.

- Stratospheric Ozone protection

~regulates production and use of chemicals that harm the stratosphere

Front 2

What are the steps for groundwater treatment?

Back 2

1. Rapid Mix

2. Flocculation

3. Sedimentaion

4. Recarbonation

5. Filtration

6. Disinfection

7. Storage/Distribution

Front 3

What are the steps for surface water treatment?

Back 3

1. Rapid Mix

2. Flocculation

3. Sedimentation

4. Rapid Sand Filter

5. Disinfection

6. Storage/Distribution

Front 4

What is hard water and how does it occur?

Back 4

Hard water is when water has a high mineral content. It happens when water tickles down, or filters, though calcium and magnesium deposits containing minerals.

Front 5

What is used to treat water hardness?

Back 5

Hardness is treated through softening, removing calcium, magnesium, and certain other metal cations in hard water.

Front 6

Describe Rapid Mix

Back 6

In this fast moving tank, a coagulant is added to help the impurities stick together to form large particles known as flocs.

Front 7

Describe Flocculation Basin

Back 7

In this process the flow of water is slowed giving the floc time to grow larger.

Front 8

Describe the Sedimentation Tank

Back 8

The large/heavy flocs sink to the bottom of the tank (sludge) and are pumped out.

Front 9

Describe Recarbonation

Back 9

(Only in Groundwater Treatment)

CO2 is added to reduce the pH to about 8.5

Front 10

What happens in filtration?

What are the two types of sand filters used?

What are the different medias that can be used in the filters?

Back 10

Removal of small particles that didn't settle in the sedimentation basin.

Slow sand filter and rapid sand filter (rapid sand filter back washes due to clogging)

Single media: sand

Dual Media: anthracite coal and sand

Multimedia: anthracite coal, sand, and garnet

Front 11

What are some disinfectants used in drinking water treatment?

Back 11

Chlorine

Hypochlotrite salts

Chloramines

Chlorine Oxides

Ozone

UV Radiation

Front 12

What are the steps in waste water treatment?

Back 12

Preliminary Treatment

~removes large particles

Primary Treatment (a.k.a sedimentation tank)

~Removes soluble organic compounds

~removes solids by settling

~ removes about 35% BOD and 60% solids

Secondary Treatment

~removes about 85% BOD and solids

Tertiary Treatment

~ Removes N and P, and also other toxic substances

Front 13

Diagram of Waste water

treatment with trickling filter:

Back 13

http://water.me.vccs.edu/courses/ENV195WWI/clipart/trickling.gif

Front 14

Diagram of waste water

treatment with activated sludge:

Back 14

http://img.bhs4.com/ed/9/ed9c26e1fcf0ff0c22f11cb7f611fb384b1476a7_large.jpg

Front 15

After waste is released from the secondary clarifier, sometimes white bubbles appear. What are the white bubbles and how are they suppressed?

Back 15

The white bubbles are detergents that passed through the treatment process without being removed or degraded. Spray nozzles are used to suppress the foaming.

Front 16

Explain the role of these sludge management processes:

- Thickening

-Stabilization

-Conditioning

-Sludge Dewatering

-Sludge Reduction

Back 16

-Thickening

Procedure of increasing the solid content by removing a portion of the water

- Stabilization (VERY EXPENSIVE)

Anaerobic bacteria convert organics into CO2 and CH4

-Conditioning

Chemical/Heat to facilitate water separation

- Sludge Dewatering

Physical process used to reduce the moisture content of sludge so that it's easier to handle

- Sludge Reduction

Chemical process through wet oxidation or incineration to stable solid

Front 17

What is a watershed divide?

Back 17

is the line that separates neighboring drainage basins.

Front 18

Is rain acidic or basic? Explain.

Back 18

Rain is naturally acidic. Due to the presence of CO2 in the atmosphere which combines with rain water to form weak carbonic acid.

Front 19

What are some major indoor air pollutants?

Back 19

-Radon

-Environmental Tobacco Smoke

-Biologicals:

~CO2

~NO2

~Organic Gases

~Respirable Particles

-Formaldehyde

-Pesticides

-Asbestos

-Lead

Front 20

What is the source of Radon? Where could Radon be found indoors?

Back 20

Some sources include Earth, rock beneath homes, well water, building material. It can also be found in stone/marble furnishing and basements.

Radon is produced through Uranium decay.

Front 21

What are some sources of tobacco smoke?

Back 21

Cigarette, pipe, and cigars

Front 22

What are some sources of Biologicals?

Back 22

wet or moist walls, ceilings, carpets, and furniture; poorly maintained humidifiers, dehumidifiers, and air conditioning; bedding; household pets.

Front 23

What are some sources of Organic Gases?

Back 23

Household products including: paints, paint strippers, and other solvents;
wood preservatives; aerosol sprays; cleansers and disinfectants; moth repellents
and air fresheners; stored fuels and automotive products; hobby supplies; dry‐
cleaned clothing.

Front 24

What are some sources of formaldehyde?

Back 24

Pressed wood products (hardwood plywood wall paneling, particleboard,
fiberboard) and furniture made with these pressed wood products. Urea‐
formaldehyde foam insulation (UFFI). Combustion sources and environmental
tobacco smoke. Durable press drapes, other textiles, and glues. flame retardant glazed on furniture.

Front 25

What are some sources of Lead?

Back 25

Lead-based paint, contaminated soil, dust, and drinking water. (In the past it was used in gasoline)