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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Characteristics of life. |
O R G R E R E |
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Order |
characterized by highly ordered structures to perform certain functions |
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Reproduction |
organisms produce their own kind |
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Growth and development |
inherited information encoded in DNA that controls pattern of growth and development |
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Response to environment |
organisms respond to environmental stimuli |
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Energy processing |
organisms take in energy and use it to power all activities |
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Regulation |
mechanisms that maintain a beneficial internal environment |
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Evolutionary Adaptation |
evolution happens as heritable traits that best suites their environment have greater reproductive success |
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Three domains. |
Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya |
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Kingdoms under Domain Eukarya. |
Protists, Plantae, Animalia, Fungi |
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Biological Hierarchy of Organization. |
atoms ~ molecules ~ cell ~ tissue ~ organ ~ body system ~ organism ~ population ~ community ~ ecosystem ~ biosphere |
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Unifying themes of Biology. |
1. Evolution (core theme of biology) 2. Life depends on flow of information 3. Structure and function are related 4. Life depends on the transfer and transformation of energy 5. Life depends on interactions within and between systems |
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Evolution (core theme) |
scientific explanation for unity and diversity ~ process of change that transforms life ~ earliest forms to vast array of organisms |
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Book of Charles Darwin. |
On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection |
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Date of publication. |
November 1859 |
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Years of voyage. |
1831 - 1836 |
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Voyage name. |
Voyage of HMS Beagle |
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Island name. |
Galapagos Island |
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Main points of Darwin's Theory. |
descent with modification ~ natural selection |
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Descent with modification |
succession of ancestors that are different from species living today |
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Natural selection |
mechanism of evolution |
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Observations and inferences. |
Individual variation ~ overproduction of offspring ~ unequal reproductive success ~ accumulation of favorable traits over time |
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Individual variation |
variation of traits ~ heritable (parents to offspring) |
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Overproduction of offspring |
more offspring are produced than the environment can support ~ competition ~ some survive some fail |
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Unequal reproductive success |
best suited traits survive |
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Accumulation of favorable traits over time |
higher portion in the population have advantageous traits |
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Steps of natural selection in action. |
various inherited traits ~ elimination of certain traits and reproduction of survivors ~ increase frequency of enhanced traits |
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small changes lead to |
major alterations |
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new species evolve |
as a result of gradual change over time |
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tree of life |
Evolutionary relationships formed by branching of trees (left to right) |
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Theory of evolution is supported by |
fossil records ~ experiments ~ observations ~ increase # of DNA comparisons |
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biotechnology |
modification of species to increase reproduction and capabilities |
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rate of extinction in the present |
100 to 1000 times typical rate |
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human actions |
drives changes to species (artificial and natural selection) |
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Life depends on flow of information |
transmission and use of information encoded in DNA |
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genes |
four nucleotide sequences ~ unit of inheritance |
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Gene expression |
protein specific shape and function |
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genetic code |
universal language that proves organisms are related |
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Structure and Function are related |
shape of something and what it does is almost always related |
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Life depends on transfer and transformation of energy |
life is possible ~ input and conversion of energy one form to another |
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Dynamics of ecosystems |
Flow of energy and cycling of matter |
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Flow of energy |
inflow of light energy ~ producers convert to chemical energy ~ used by consumers ~ outflow of heat |
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Cycling of matter |
Decomposers return chemicals to soil ~ leaves take up CO2 from air, roots absorbs water, minerals from soil |
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Life depends on interaction within and between systems |
Biological systems and systems biology |
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Biological systems |
molecular machinery of cell to functioning of ecosystem |
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Systems biology |
behavior of analyzing interaction of parts |
