Introduction To Audiology Exam I

Front 1

The auditory system is divided into what 2 portions?

Back 1

Central and peripheral

Front 2

What does the auditory periphery include?

Back 2

External, middle, inner ear and Cranial Nerve VIII

Front 3

What does the external ear include?

Back 3

Pinna and ear canal

Front 4

What does the middle ear include?

Back 4

eardrum, three auditory ossicles, middle ear cavities, eustachian tube, and the middle ear muscles (stapedius, tensor tympani)

Front 5

What does the inner ear include?

Back 5

bony and membranous labyrinth, cochlea, vestibule (utricle and saccule), and the three semicircular canals

Front 6

What does the VIII cranial nerve include?

Back 6

auditory nerve and vestibulocochlear nerve

Front 7

The central auditory system includes fiber tracts in the what?

Back 7

low brainstem, midbrain, thalamus, and cortex

Front 8

What is the primary auditory cortex? Where is it located?

Back 8

Heschl's gyrus; superior surface of the temporal lobe

Front 9

Where are hair cells located?

Back 9

In the organ of Corti

Front 10

What does the conductive portion of the auditory system include?

Back 10

outer ear, and the middle ear.

Front 11

How does a conductive hearing loss occur?

Back 11

A conductive hearing loss occurs because of damage (i.e., a lesion) to structures in the outer and/or middle ear.

Front 12

What does the sensorineural portion of the system include?

Back 12

Sensory portion and neural portion

Front 13

What does the sensory portion include?

Back 13

the inner ear (or cochlea, Latin for "snail") which contains the sensory cells (outer and inner hair cells)

Front 14

What does the neural portion include?

Back 14

everything more central to the cochlea, which is the
VIII nerve, low brainstem, midbrain, thalamus, and cortex.

Front 15

What is the neural portion also referred to as?

Back 15

Retrocochlear

Front 16

When people refer to "neural" or "retrocochlear," what are they usually referring to?

Back 16

a lesion of the VIII nerve (usually a tumor).

Front 17

How is a sensorineural hearing loss caused?

Back 17

caused by damage to the cochlea or any retrocochlear structure, usually hair cells and/or VIII nerve fibers, but mostly by damage to hair cells

Front 18

How do a bone conduction and air conduction tests differ?

Back 18

Air conduction tests the whole system: conductive and cochlea; whereas, bone conduction tests only part of the system: cochlea

Front 19

A hearing loss by air conduction means a lesion in what?

Back 19

outer ear, middle ear, cochlea, vestibulocochlear nerve, or central auditory pathways (although hearing loss, or loss of sensitivity to sound, is not usually a symptom of damage to the auditory pathways).

Front 20

A hearing loss by bone conduction means a lesion in what?

Back 20

cochlea, vestibulocochlear nerve, and/or central auditory pathways.

Front 21

Comparing air conduction to bone conduction is what?

Back 21

Diagnostic

Front 22

What causes congenital hearing loss?

Back 22

genetic disorders and viral infections

Front 23

How often do genetic disorders contribute to hearing loss at birth?

Back 23

about half of births

Front 24

Which diseases cause hearing loss in early/late childhood?

Back 24

Otitis Media and viral, bacterial meningitis

Front 25

Which skull fracture disrupts middle ear structures, with a bleeding tympanum?

Back 25

Longitudinal Skull Fracture

Front 26

Which skull fracture damages cochlea, perilymph leaks and profound loss?

Back 26

Transverse Skull Fracture

Front 27

Which hearing loss disease cycles of bone-dissolving enzyme causes resorption, then new bone deposition anterior to oval window fixes the stapes?

Back 27

Otosclerosis

Front 28

Which hearing loss disease progresses in a series of bouts, with symptom-free intervals ... resulting in fullness/pressure, rushing or roaring tinnitus, hearing loss, and vertigo?

Back 28

Meniere's Disease

Front 29

What is ideopathic, but suspected causes: viral, autoimmune response, microcirculation defect (thrombus or clot, embolism, artery spasm)?

Back 29

Sudden hearing loss

Front 30

What attacks myelin sheath of nerve, space-occupying lesion?

Back 30

Vestibular schwannoma

Front 31

What is audiology?

Back 31

study of hearing

Front 32

Audiologists are trained to do what?

Back 32

evaluate hearing, and treat non-medical aspects of hearing loss.

Front 33

What is usually the first activity when evaluating clients?

Back 33

Case History

Front 34

What is used to determine if there is hearing loss?

Back 34

audiometry

Front 35

What does a case history gather?

Back 35

subjective information and symptoms

Front 36

What does otoscopy permit?

Back 36

visualization of the external and middle ear.

Front 37

What measures the mobility of the middle ear system?

Back 37

Tympanometry

Front 38

What is impacted by ear infections and what does it cause?

Back 38

The middle ear is what is impacted by ear infections which cause an accumulation of fluid in the middle ear.

Front 39

provides diagnostic information about all the major divisions of the ear (including cochlea, VIII nerve).

Back 39

Acoustic Reflex testing

Front 40

What do pure-tone air and bone conduction tests measure our sensitivity to?

Back 40

Pure tones

Front 41

How does knowing where the lesion is located help someone?

Back 41

helps to determine what disease might be causing the hearing loss. Knowing what disease is present helps determine appropriate treatment.

Front 42

measures how the hearing loss has affected the ability to hear speech.

Back 42

speech reception threshold

Front 43

measures how the hearing loss has affected the ability to understand speech.

Back 43

Word recognition/identification testing

Front 44

uses noisemakers to detect any observable response to sound.

Back 44

Behavioral Observation Audiometry

Front 45

In what test is sound presented? The child's natural response is to turn the head in the direction of the sound. An animated toy reinforces the response.

Back 45

Visual reinforcement audiometry and the conditioned orientation response

Front 46

The child is trained to make a (more fun) response when a tone is heard (like dropping a block in a bucket).

Back 46

Play audiometry

Front 47

Why were diagnostic procedures developed?

Back 47

as a search for where in the auditory pathway that the lesion is located

Front 48

Which lesions are medically/surgically treatable? Which are treatable via hearing aids?

Back 48

Conductive lesions; cochlear lesions

Front 49

What does the Alternate binaural loudness balance test (ABLB) for unilateral losses determine?

Back 49

how our perception of loudness changes as intensity increases; if recruitment is present (recruitment  cochlear pathology).

Front 50

What does the Short increment sensitivity index (SISI) for bilateral losses evaluate?

Back 50

the ability to detect small changes in loudness of a continuous tone (+SISI  cochlear pathology).

Front 51

What doesThreshold tone decay, Békésy audiometry determine?

Back 51

if adaptation is present (tone decay VIII nerve lesion), and Will a steady tone remain audible, or will it gradually fade away?

Front 52

What does immittance audiometry screen for?

Back 52

middle ear disease (ear infections, fluid in the middle ear)

Front 53

What does acoustic reflex testing evaluate?

Back 53

the sensorineural portion of the ear, but is also sensitive to middle ear disorders.

Front 54

What does auditory evoked potentials provide info about?

Back 54

neural function (like the presence of VIII nerve tumors).

Front 55

What does a stimulus evoke?

Back 55

electrical activity in the auditory pathway.

Front 56

What is the most useful of the evoked potentials?

Back 56

auditory brainstem response

Front 57

What does electroneurography monitor?

Back 57

facial nerve activity (Bell's palsy).

Front 58

What do somatosensory evoked potentials monitor?

Back 58

the integrity of the spinal cord, other peripheral nerves in the extremities.

Front 59

What does Electronystagmography (ENG) evaluate?

Back 59

the visual and vestibular components of the balance system.

Front 60

What does dynamic posturography evaluate?

Back 60

the ability of our balance system to provide motor control to maintain postural stability.

Front 61

What do otoacoustic emissions determine?

Back 61

the status of the sensory cells that allow us to hear soft sounds (outer hair cells)

Front 62

Who is considered the "father" of audiology?

Back 62

Raymond Carhart

Front 63

Where was Raymond Carhart (father of audiology) a professor?

Back 63

Northwestern University

Front 64

When was audiology created?

Back 64

50 years ago

Front 65

What was it originally created for?

Back 65

To assist hearing-injured WWII veterans reenter civilian life

Front 66

Which two profession did audiology develop from?

Back 66

Otoscopy and speech-language pathology

Front 67

___% of children will have an ear infection before age ___?

Back 67

90; 6

Front 68

Two professional documents that govern the practice of audiology are _________ and ___________?

Back 68

Code of Ethics; Scope of Practice

Front 69

The two associations most closely associated with audiology are _________________ and _________________?

Back 69

American Academy of Audiology; ASHA

Front 70

Hearing loss in children is a concern only due to the possible impact on communication . . . true or false?

Back 70

false

Front 71

Ear infections in children may or may not cause hearing loss . . . true or false?

Back 71

true

Front 72

What 3 areas are affected by hearing loss in adults besides hearing sensitivity?

Back 72

general health, psychosocial well being, generated income

Front 73

Start on Page 9 -- Still need to do acoustics power points

Back 73

Chapter 1