Introduction To Anatomy And Physiology

Front 1

Anatomy

Back 1

science of their body structures and the relationship among structures

Front 2

Physiology

Back 2

science of the body functions, how the body parts works

-structures (anatomy) preform body functions (physiology)

Front 3

6 Levels of Structural Organization

Back 3

Chemical letter

Cellular word

Tissue sentence

Organ paragraph

Systems chapter

Organism book

Front 4

Eleven Systems of the Human Body

Back 4

1. Respiratory 7. Digestive

2. Cardiovascular 8. Lymphatic

3. Skeletal 9. Muscular

4. Integumentary 10. Nervous

5. Endocrine 11. Reproductive

6. Urinary

Front 5

Integumentary

Back 5

Skin and structures associated with it (hair, nails, sweat and oil glands, and the subcutaneous layer).

Front 6

Skeletal

Back 6

Bones and joints of the body and their associated cartilages.

Front 7

Muscular

Back 7

Specifically refers to skeletal muscle: muscle usually attached to bones

Front 8

Nervous

Back 8

Brain, spinal cord, nerves, and special sense organs such as eyes and ears.

Front 9

Endocrine

Back 9

All glands and tissues that produce chemical regulators of body functions called hormones

Front 10

Cardiovascular

Back 10

Heart, blood and blood vessels.

Front 11

Lymphatic And Immunity

Back 11

Lymphatic fluid (lymph) and vessels; spleen, thymus, lymph nodes and tonsils; cells that carry out immune responses (B cells and T cells).

Front 12

Respiratory

Back 12

Lungs and air passageways such as the pharynx (throat), larynx (voice box), trachea (windpipe), and bronchial tubes within the lungs.

Front 13

Digestive

Back 13

-Organs of the gastrointestinal tract, including the mouth, pharynx (throat), esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, rectum and anus;

-also includes accessory digestive organs that assist in the digestive process, such as the salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas

Front 14

Reproductive

Back 14

Gonads (testes and ovaries) and associated organs;

-Females: uterine (fallopian) tubes, uterus, and vagina; mammary glands

-Male: epididymis, ductus (vas) deferens, and penis in males

Front 15

Urinary

Back 15

Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra.

Front 16

Anatomical Position

Back 16

-stands upright/erect

-facing the observer

-head level and eyes facing forward

-feet flat on floor and facing forward

-upper limbs at sides with palms facing forward

Front 17

Body Regions

Back 17

Cephalic (head)

Cervical (neck)

Trunk

Upper Limbs

Lower Limbs

Front 18

Cephalic

Back 18

-consists of the skull and face

-skull is apart of the head that encloses and protects the brain

-face is the front portion of the head that includes the eyes, nose, mouth, forehead, cheeks, and chin

Front 19

Cervical

Back 19

Supports the head and attaches it to the trunk

Front 20

Upper Limb

Back 20

Attached to the trunk

-consists of the scapula (shoulder), axillary (armpit), brachial (arm), antebrachial (forearm), carpal (wrist), palm (palmer) and phalabgies (fingers)

Front 21

Lower Limb

Back 21

Attached to the trunk at the groin

-gluteal (buttock), femoral (thigh), crural (leg), tarsal (ankle), pedal (foot)

Front 22

Superior

Back 22

aka cephalic or cranial

toward the head

-upper part of a structure

Front 23

Inferior

Back 23

away from the head, or lower part of a structure

Front 24

Anterior

Back 24

nearer to or at the front of the body

Front 25

Posterior

Back 25

Nearer to or at the back of the body

Front 26

Medial

Back 26

Nearer to the midline, an imaginary vertical line that divides the body into equal right and left sides

Front 27

Lateral

Back 27

Farther from the midline or midsagittal plane

Front 28

Intermediate

Back 28

Between two structures

Front 29

Ipsilateral

Back 29

On the same side of the body as another structure

Front 30

Contralateral

Back 30

On the opposite side of the body from another structure

Front 31

Proximal

Back 31

Nearer to the point of attachment of a limb to the trunk

-nearer to the point of of origin or the beginning

Front 32

Distal

Back 32

Father from the attachment of a limb to the trunk

-farther from the point of origin or the beginning

Front 33

Superficial

Back 33

Toward the surface of the body

Front 34

Deep

Back 34

Away from the surface of the body

Front 35

Sagittal

Back 35

Divides into right and left halves

Front 36

Midsagittal

Back 36

Divides into equal right and left halves

Front 37

Parasagittal

Back 37

Divides into unequal right and left halves

Front 38

Coronal

Back 38

Frontal

Divides into anterior and posterior portions

Front 39

Axial

Back 39

Transverse

-divides into superior and inferior portions

Front 40

Oblique

Back 40

Passes through body at an angle

Front 41

Body Cavities

Back 41

-Cranial

-Thoracic

-Vertebral

-Abdominal Pelvic

Front 42

Cranial Cavity

Back 42

formed by the cranial bones and contains the brain

Front 43

Vertebral Canal

Back 43

formed by vertebral column and contains spinal chord and the beginning of spinal nerves

Front 44

Thoracic Cavity

Back 44

chest cavity

-pericardial cavity: surrounds the heart and contains a small amount of lubricating fluid

-2 pleural cavities: surrounds the lung and contains a small amount of lubricating fluid

-mediastinum: central portion of thoracic cavity b/w the lungs; extends from the sternum to vertebral column and from first rib to the diaphragm; contains heart, thymus, esophagus, trachea, and several large blood vessels

Front 45

Diaphragm

Back 45

a dome-shaped muscle that that powers breathing and separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity

Front 46

Abdominal Cavity

Back 46

-contains stomach, spleen, liver, gallbladder, small intestine, and most of large intestine;

-the serous membrane of the abdominal cavity is the peritoneum

Front 47

Pelvic Cavity

Back 47

contains urinary bladder, portions of large intestine, and internal organs of reproduction

Front 48

Viscera

Back 48

Organs inside the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities

Front 49

Membrane

Back 49

a thin, pliable tissue that covers, lines, partitions or connects structures

Front 50

9 Abdominopelvic Regions

Back 50

right/ left hypochondriac --> epigastric

right/left lumbar --> umbilical

right/left inguinal --> Hypogastric

Front 51

Epigastric

Back 51

Structures within:

-right/left lobe of liver

-gallbladder

-spleen

-stomach

-transverse colon of large intestine

Front 52

Left Lumbar

Back 52

Structures within:

-descending colon of large intestine

Front 53

Right Lumbar

Back 53

Structures within:

-Ascending colon of large intestine

Front 54

Umbilical

Back 54

Structures within:

-small intestine

Front 55

Right Inguinal

Back 55

Structures within:

-Cecum

Front 56

Hypogastric

Back 56

Structures within:

-Appendix

-Urinary bladder

Front 57

Quadrants

Back 57

RUQ- right upper quadrant

RLQ- right lower quadrant

LUQ- left upper quadrant

LLQ- left lower quadrant