Introduction To Anatomy And Physiology

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Greek physician Galen

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Well known for his research and discourses on physiology and science proposed new theories related to body functioning and disease based on his study and dissection of animals

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Andreas Vesalius

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Father of modern anatomy

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Anatomy

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Deals with the study of the structure of the body and its parts

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Physiology

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Studies the function of the parts

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Gross anatomy and microscopic anatomy

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What are the two levels of study in anatomy

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Gross anatomy

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Study of the large structures

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Surface anatomy regional anatomy systemic anatomy developmental anatomy and clinical anatomy

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Types of gross anatomy

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Surface anatomy

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Study of the exterior features

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Regional anatomy

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anatomy body area

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Systemic anatomy

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Anatomy of organ systems

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Developmental anatomy

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Anatomy from conception to death

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Clinical anatomy

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Anatomy of medical specialties

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Microscopic anatomy

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It is a study of a very small structures that can be viewed under a microscope

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Cytology and histology

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The types of microscopic anatomy

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Cytology

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Anatomy of cell

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Histology

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Anatomy of tissue

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11

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What are the 11 organ systems of the body

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Differentiation

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Change in cell structure and function from generalized to specific

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Gastration

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This is the process of the trilaminar disc which is ectoderm mesoderm and endoderm

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Responsiveness

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It is a reaction to internal or external change

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Growth

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It is the increasing size without change in shape

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Development

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Changes in organism through time from fertilization to death

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Reproduction

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New organism or new cells are produced

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Respiration

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He is a oxygen removal of carbon dioxide

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Digestion

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It is the breakdown of food into simpler forms

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Absorption

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It is the movement of substances through membranes and into fluids

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Circulation

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It is the movement within the body fluids

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Assimilation

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Changing nutrients into chemically different forms

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Excretion

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Is there removal of metabolic waste

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Water food oxygen heat pressure

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Life depends on the availability of

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Homeostasis

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Stability of an organism to harness mechanism for the preservation or maintenance of an almost constant internal state in the face of perturbations

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Homeostasis

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Create a stable or steady internal environment

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Homeostasis

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It is a dynamic change since external condition are always changing

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Author regulation or intrinsic and extrinsic regulation

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Homeostasis is self-regulating by way of

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Automatic regulation or intensive

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It is the automatic response in a cell tissue organ to some environmental change

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Extrinsic regulation

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It is simultaneous control of several systems by nervous or endocrine input

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Homeostatic imbalance

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It is a disturbance in a homeostasis

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Disease

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I disturbance in homeostasis resulting to blank

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Vital sign

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It is a measure of homeostasis

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Claude Bernard

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The father of modern physiology and experimental medicine

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Claude Bernard

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Homeostasis First put forth by

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Homeostatic control mechanism

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Monitors aspect of the internal environment and corrects as needed

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Receptor control center and effector

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The body communicates through neural and hormonal control systems these are the three parts

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Receptor

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It is a sensor that detects a change in the surrounding environment

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Afferent pathway

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The input flows from the receptor to the control center along the so-called

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Control center

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Determines the exact set point analysis the input it received from the receptor and then determines the appropriate response

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Effector

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Provides the means of the centers response or output to the stimulus

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Efferent pathway

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Information flows from the center to the effector along the blank

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Negative feedback

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It is a feedback in which it depress

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Positive feedback

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It is a feedback in which it enhance

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Standing erect face forward upper limbs outside palms forward

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Anatomical position

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Superior

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Above

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Inferior

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Below

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Dorsal

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Back cavity

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Ventral

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Front cavity

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Anterior

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Front

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Posterior

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Back

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Distal

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Away

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Proximal

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Near

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Medial

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Between

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Lateral

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On the side

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Ipsilateral

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Same side

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Contralateral

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Other side

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Superficial

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Surface

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Deep

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Internal

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Sagittal plane transverse plane and coronal plane

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What are the Body sections

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Sagittal

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Section device the body in the right and left portion

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Transverse

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Section device the body into superior and inferior person

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Coronal

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Section device the body into anterior and posterior section

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The retroperitonial cavity

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The kidneys adrenal glands pancreas and ureters are behind the abdominal pelvic cavity it is called

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Diaphragm muscle

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It's separates the thoracic from abdominal pelvic cavities

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Dorsal cavity

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It is the cavity in the back of the body

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Ventral cavity

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Cavity in the front of the body

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Cranial and spinal cavity

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These are the dorsal cavities

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Thoracic and abdominal pelvic cavity

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These are ventral cavity

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Plural cavities mediastinum cavity pericardial cavity

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Under thoracic cavities are

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Abdominal and pelvic cavity

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Under abdominal pelvic cavities

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Lungs

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Under pleural cavity

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Trachea and esophagus

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Under mediastinum cavity

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Heart and great vessels

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Under Pericardial cavity

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Liver stomach pancreas intestines

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What are under Abdominal cavity

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Bladder and reproductive organs

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What are under the pelvic cavities

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Left and right hypochondriac region, left and right lumbar region, left and right iliac region, epigastric region, hypogastric region and umbilical region

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What are the nine regions of abdominopelvic