Intro To Slp Exam 1

Front 1

modality

Back 1

any sensory avenue through which information may be received (auditory, visual, smell, etc.)

Front 2

habilitate

Back 2

the process of developing a skill to be able to function within the environment

Front 3

rehabilitate

Back 3

restore impaired functions to normal

Front 4

consonant

Back 4

speech sound that either stops the air stream or creates a narrow opening of resistance

Front 5

linguistics

Back 5

scientific study of the structure and function of language and its rules

Front 6

phonology

Back 6

study of speech sounds and rules underlying sound production

Front 7

morphology

Back 7

study of structure/form of words

Front 8

prevalence

Back 8

estimated total number of individuals in the population with a disorder

Front 9

incidence

Back 9

rate at which a disorder appears in the normal population over a period, typically one year

Front 10

language disorder

Back 10

impairment of receptive/expressive linguistic symbols that affects comprehension or expression

Front 11

etiology

Back 11

cause of a disorder

Front 12

functional disorder

Back 12

impairment that has no known anatomical, physiological, or neurological basis

Front 13

organic disorder

Back 13

disorder that has an anatomical, physiological, or neurological basis

Front 14

articulation disorder

Back 14

child cannot correctly produce speech sounds used in the language

Front 15

phonological disorder

Back 15

errors of phonemes that form patterns in which a child simplifies individual sounds or sound combinations

Front 16

motor speech disorder

Back 16

impaired speech caused by neurological impairment that affects motor planning

Front 17

aphasia

Back 17

language impairments, may affect any or all input/output modalities

Front 18

cluttering

Back 18

speech that is abnormally fast with omissions of sounds and syllables of words

Front 19

dysphonia

Back 19

general term for voice disorder, with the person's voice sounding rough, raspy, or hoarse

Front 20

voice disorder

Back 20

when loudness, pitch, or quality of voice is outside normal range

Front 21

resonance disorders

Back 21

abnormal modification of the voice by passing through the nasal cavities during production of oral sounds (hyper or hyponasality)

Front 22

clinical fellowship

Back 22

36-week full-time of equivalent part-time mentored clinical experience totalling 1,260 hours after academic coursework completed

Front 23

continuing education units (CEUs)

Back 23

additional education required by ASHA

Front 24

clinical intuition

Back 24

decision-making process used unconsciously by experiences clinitians based on entire context of situation

Front 25

acute care hospital

Back 25

hospital where patients are treated for brief but severe episodes of illness, injury, trauma, or recovery from surgery

Front 26

subacute hospital

Back 26

level of care for patients who don't need acute care but require special services

Front 27

convalescent hospital

Back 27

medical facility that provides extended care over a prolonged period

Front 28

phonation

Back 28

vibration or air passing between two vocal folds that produces sound used for speech

Front 29

thoracic cavity

Back 29

thorax, rib cage, chest; upper part of the trunk that contains the organs of respiration and circulation

Front 30

trachea

Back 30

windpipe, below larynx, divides in the lungs; surrounded by cartilage

Front 31

larynx

Back 31

voice box, contains vocal folds and associated muscles

Front 32

cricoid cartilage

Back 32

circle of cartilage below and behind thyroid cartilage on top of the first tracheal ring

Front 33

thyroid cartilkage

Back 33

largest of laryngeal cartilages, main structure of larynx and protects, Adam's apple

Front 34

arytenoid cartilages

Back 34

pair of pyramid-shaped cartilages that sit on the posterior edge of the cricoid cartilage

Front 35

epiglottis

Back 35

large cartilage, attached to anterior edge of cricoid cartilage and drops over vocal folds to prevent food/liquid from entering trachea when swallowing

Front 36

false vocal folds

Back 36

thick folds of mucous membranes with few muscle fibers above the true vocal folds, do not vibrate but close tichtly during swallowing to prevent material from entering trachea

Front 37

abduct(ion)

Back 37

opening of the vocal folds

Front 38

adduct(ion)

Back 38

closing of the vocal folds

Front 39

resonance

Back 39

quality of voice that results from the vibration of sound in the vocal tract

Front 40

maxilla

Back 40

upper jaw, contains hard palate

Front 41

mandible

Back 41

lower jaw

Front 42

alveolar ridge

Back 42

ridges that contain teeth, covered by gums

Front 43

orbicularis oris

Back 43

muscle surrounding opening of the mouth; muscular structure of the lips

Front 44

tongue movements

Back 44

protruding and retracting

Front 45

biological functions of the tongue

Back 45

taste, movement of food in mouth while chewing (mastication), and movement of food and liquid posteriorly for swallowing (deglutition)

Front 46

dental occlusion

Back 46

bite; malocclusions are bites that aren't normal

Front 47

neuron

Back 47

basic cell of the nervous system

Front 48

axon

Back 48

cellular extension of a neuron that carries impulses away from the cell body

Front 49

dendrite

Back 49

branching extension of a neuron that carries impulses to the cell body

Front 50

synapse

Back 50

junction at which two neurons communicate with each other

Front 51

central nervous system (CNS)

Back 51

brain, cerebellum, brainstem, and spinal cord

Front 52

cerebral hemispheres

Back 52

two halves of brain; contain frontal lobe, oarietal lobe, occipital love, and temporal lobe

Front 53

temporal lobes

Back 53

auditory processing, Wernicke's area

Front 54

frontal lobes

Back 54

prefrontal cortex, Broca's area

Front 55

left vs. right hemispheres

Back 55

left- language, speech, motor

right- attention, orientation (self-awareness)

Front 56

speech development

Back 56

progressive evolving and shaping of sounds used as arbitrary symbols and combining them to communicate

Front 57

language development

Back 57

growth of receptive and expressive communication system for representing concepts

Front 58

semantic-cognitive theory

Back 58

emphasizes the relationship between language learning and cognition

Front 59

social-pragmatic theory

Back 59

considers communication as the basic function of language; ideal parent-child communication of parent responding

Front 60

cultural-linguistic diversity (CLD)

Back 60

perspective that emphasizes the similarities and differences of languages and people around the world, one not better than another

Front 61

code switching

Back 61

using one language one moment and another the next; including elements from one language when speaking another language

Front 62

Speech Stage I: prelinguistic (preverbal) vocalizations

Back 62

birth-12 months; crying, cooing, babbling, and echolalia, jargon

Front 63

babbling

Back 63

6-7 months, repeated consonant-vowel combinations

Front 64

jargon

Back 64

sentence-like sequences with inflection

Front 65

Speech Stage II

Back 65

12-24 months, toddlerhood; usually two-word sentences by 24 months; vowels and consonants, vocal play

Front 66

18 months

Back 66

~50 words

Front 67

Speech Stage III

Back 67

2-5 years (early childhood); develop adult-like speech that is 90% intelligible, establish more consonants

Front 68

blends

Back 68

may be developed later, 6-8

Front 69

Speech Stage IV

Back 69

6-12; language 95-100% intelligible, better with pragmatics

Front 70

Language Stage I

Back 70

birth-12 months, stimuli create new neural pathways, responds to stimuli of 5 senses, some communication; crying, facial expressions, etc.

Front 71

key personality traits

Back 71

patience and empathy

Front 72

Language Stage II

Back 72

12-24 months, explore environment more, attach words to new things, dramatic increase in ability, understand more than they can express

Front 73

Language Stage III

Back 73

2-5 years; understand simple sentences, love being read to, improve vocabulary (300 by 3), use grammar but still basic

Front 74

parallel speech

Back 74

engage child in experience of the word

Front 75

Language Stage IV

Back 75

6-12 years; more complex, increase social/pragmatic skills, abilities here influence later; if difficulties, increasing problems here

Front 76

suprasegmental features

Back 76

convey emotion; prosody, etc.m

Front 77

modalities of communication

Back 77

reading, writing, speaking, listening

Front 78

input modalities include

Back 78

auditory, visual, tactile

Front 79

output modalities include

Back 79

speaking, gesturing, writing

Front 80

Van Riper's definition of communication disorder

Back 80

disordered when it deviated from that of other people, calls attention to itself, interferes with communication, or causes distress in both the speaker and the listener

Front 81

language form

Back 81

phonemes, morphology, syntax, suprasegmental features

Front 82

language content

Back 82

what language is about- semantics

Front 83

language use

Back 83

function of language, how we use- pragmatics (varies between cultures)

Front 84

mean length of utterance

Back 84

number of morphemes per utterance