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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Ionizing radition |
Energy capable o penetrating mater and possesses sufficient energy to blank along its path, thus blank atoms. |
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Types of ionizing radiation |
X-ray Gamma rays Alpha particle Beta particle |
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Sources of ionizing radiation: Natural (background) Occurs blank in nature |
Spontaneously |
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Sources of ionizing radiation: natural (background) Cosmic radiation from the blank and other planetary bodies |
Sun |
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Sources of ionizing radiation: natural (background) Naturally occurring radioactive substances on earth: |
Uranium Radium Radon |
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Man-made: medical/dental: blank source of man made radiation |
Greatest |
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Nuclear industry Above ground blank testing |
Nuclear weapons |
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Man made: Nuclear industry: nuclear power plant |
Accidents |
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Radionuclides |
Aid to help people Example: smoke detector |
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Man made and medical radiation: |
Computed tomography Radon |
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Basic Review of X-ray production: need a source of electrons |
Filament/cathode |
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Basic view of X-ray production: need a source of high voltage to accelerate the electrons to a high velocity |
Kilovoltage aka KVp |
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Basic review of X-ray production: Need something to slow the electrons down or stop them |
Target anode |
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Two mean of X-ray production |
1.Bremsstrahlung radiation( slowing down/braking) 2.Characteristic radiation |
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X-ray interactions with matter: one of 3 possibilities are: |
Absorb Penetrate Scatter |
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5 basic interactions: |
1. Classic coherent scattering 2. Photoelectric interaction (absorption) 3. Compton scattering 4. Pair production 5. Photo disintegration |
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Radiation quantities & unit of measurement: absorb dose |
Definition: 1 joule of energy absorbed in 1 kg of material. Si unit: Gray (Gy) |
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Radiation quantities & unit of measurement: Dose equivalent |
Definition: Gy x Quality Factor Si unit: Sievert |
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Radiation quantities & unit of measurement: Activity |
Definition: 1 disintegration per second Si unit: Becquerel (Bq) |
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NCRP ( National Council on radiation protection and measurement) |
Makes recommendations and only advised |
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Effective dose limits: Radiologists, RT’s, or personnel who work in the nuclear power industry are considered to be: |
Occupational/ Radiation Workes |
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Effective dose limits: Those who do not work in the above areas are considered to be a member of the |
General public population |
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Effective dose limits: occupational/ radiation workers: ANNUAL |
50 mSv |
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Effective dose limits: occupational/ radiation workers: CUMULATIVE |
10 mSv x age |
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Effective dose limits general population annually in the SI unit |
Infrequent exposure is 5 mSv |
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Whole body dose equivalent limit for the general population is blank The occupational workers annual limit |
1/10 |
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Embryo- fetal exposure does limit monthly |
0.5 mSv |
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ALARA |
As low as reasonably achievable |
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Proper use of ALARA can help blank repeated images |
Minimize |
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Cardinal principles/roles of radiation protection |
Time Distance Shield |
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Inverse square law:The blank of radiation is blank proportional to the square of the distance |
Intensity and inversely |
Increases and decreases
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As the distance from radiation source blank the quantity of radiation one is exposed to blank |
Increases and decreases |
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Material used in protective barriers in accessory devices |
Lead |
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Material used in protective barriers and accessory devices: or other material with the equivalency of lead: absorbs X-ray via the |
Photo electric effect (process of absorbing radiation) |
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Lead aprons |
Full Half Wrap around |
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Types Of protective shield: Must have from blank of let equivalency |
0.25 to 1.0 mm |
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Types of protective shields: Should be checked for damage at least once |
Year |
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Types of radiation in an X-ray room: primary radiation |
Primary beam |
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Unless you are the patient, you should blank be in the path of the primary bean |
Never |
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Scatter radiation: the blank is the major source of scatter radiation’s |
Patient |
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Blank is the best method to reduce exposure from scatter radiation |
Distance |
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Leakage radiation: produces in the X-ray tube and exits through the |
Protective housing |
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Leakage radiation: must be less than blank at a distance of blank from te protective housing |
1mGyhr 1 m |
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Mobile radiography exams: exposure cord must be at least blank in length |
6ft |
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