Intro To Private Water Supply Systems

Front 1

Annulus

Back 1

Space between a wells borehole amdntjenoutside of the wells casing.

Front 2

Aquifer

Back 2

Underground water bearing strata that are capable of yielding a supply of water to suit a particular demand.

Front 3

Confining Aquifer

Back 3

An aquifer with a confining bed above it

Front 4

Unconfined Aquifer

Back 4

An aquifer that doesnt have a confining bed above it.

Front 5

Aquifer Capacity

Back 5

Max amt of H20 an aquifer can safely yield over a sustained period of time.

Front 6

Borehole

Back 6

Hole drilled in the ground by machinery for various intended purposes.

Front 7

Casing of a well

Back 7

Steel or plastic pipe installed into a borehole for purposes of obtaining water from an aquifer or water table; used to construct a well that provides secure long term access to water source

Front 8

Commonly used plastic casing materials.

Back 8

PVC, CPVC, ABS

Front 9

Slotted casing.

Back 9

Casing slotted with a torch or saw yo act as a basic filter.

Front 10

Cone of Depression

Back 10

Static level - drawdown

Front 11

Well Drawdown

Back 11

The difference between water level in the well is at rest, and water level while pump is on.

Front 12

Cribbing

Back 12

Well sidewall reinforcing materials are placed in a well opening to prevent borehole collapse

Front 13

Drive Shoe

Back 13

Short section of forged steel open round stock welded or screwed to bottom section of steel well casing to prevent the casing from collapsing as its driven into ground. Seals the surface casing.

Front 14

Drop pipe

Back 14

Pipe or pipes in a well that connect downward into a well from the pitiless adapter to a pump, or pump inlet fittings

Front 15

Common drop pipe materials

Back 15

Polyethylene series 160

PVC schedule 40

Cvpc schedule 40

Abs schedule 40

Front 16

Foot valve

Back 16

A lift check valve placed on the end of a drop pipe to prevent loss of prime.

Front 17

Groundwater

Back 17

Water below ground

Front 18

Grout

Back 18

Filling between a casing and borehole.

Front 19

2 types of grout

Back 19

Bentonite, Absorbative Clay

Front 20

Pitiless Adapter

Back 20

Corrosion resistant fitting installed through casing below frontline, allows a water delivery line.

Front 21

Pumping water level

Back 21

Water level in a well that has been determined by a well yield test.

Front 22

Recovery Rate

Back 22

Rate at which water flows into a well from its supplying aquifer. LPM or GPM. Aka "Well Capacity" and "Well Yield".

Front 23

Sanitary Well Seal

Back 23

Compressive seal made to fit inside top of well casing. Keep it as free as possible of outside contamination.

Front 24

Snare pipe

Back 24

Pipe attached tona pitiless adapter to permit the drop pipe or pump to be lifted out of the well.

Front 25

Standing/static water level

Back 25

Distance in ft or meters below ground that water sits at in a well when the water has recovered its max height after the well has been developed.

Front 26

Turbidity

Back 26

Condition of water that makes it have a cloudy or milky appearance.

Front 27

Water Tabl3

Back 27

Highest level of water in the ground in the zone of groundwater saturation.

Front 28

Well

Back 28

Any method of obtaining groundwater by digging to gain substantial and long term access to an aquifer

Front 29

Shallow Well

Back 29

Well with a pumping level no deeper than from where water can be lifted using a suction pump. 25 ft.

Front 30

Deep Well

Back 30

Deeper than 24 ft

Front 31

Well cap

Back 31

Snug fitting cap attached to top of well casing

Front 32

Well Development

Back 32

Well driller cleaning material out of an aquifer to allow an aquifer to supply clean water to a well.

Front 33

Well Screen

Back 33

Slotted PVC casing, or stainless steel cage used to exclude smaller material from coming into well.

Front 34

Well size

Back 34

Diameter of well opening or size of casing or cribbing used to make well.

Front 35

Size of domestic wells

Back 35

4", 5" is proffered if using liner pipe

Front 36

Well test

Back 36

Test to determine how much water the well has coming into it from the aquifer. Conducted by well driller.

Front 37

Well yield

Back 37

Amt of water well is capable of supplying at a given time. Aka recovery rate.

Front 38

Airlocked

Back 38

Condition of any pipe, fitting or device with enough accumulated air or gas in it that it restricts water flow.

Front 39

Air volume control

Back 39

Float or diaphragm operated device that controls amt of air under atmospheric pressure contained in a standard pressure tank.

Front 40

Casing of a Pump

Back 40

Housing that surrounds pump impellers and directs fluid being pumped to and away from pumps impeller.

Front 41

Cistern

Back 41

Tank for storing water

Front 42

Contamination

Back 42

Material in a water supply that is toxic or capable of causing disease. Makes H20 non potable.

Front 43

Control box

Back 43

Combination electrical junction box and pimp control box used with submersible pumps.

Front 44

Dugout

Back 44

Surface water and precipitation collection pond for collecting and storing water needed to suit a particular demand.

Front 45

Flow Control Fitting

Back 45

Oricife in a submersible pump discharge line that restricts the outlet capacity of a pump to more closely match the pump to amt of H20 available to a well. Aka restrictor.

Front 46

Friction Loss

Back 46

Amt of friction a pipe and its fittings have to water flowing through them.

Front 47

Head

Back 47

Height in ft or meters that a pump is capable of lifting a fluid.

Front 48

Pressure Switch

Back 48

Electrical circuit control switch that reacts by sensing water pressure. Preset usually to 20//40psi or 30/50. Somewhat adjustable but always 20 differential.

Front 49

Pressure Tank

Back 49

Airtight tank installed in a water system to accept pressurized water for storage allowing a pump to deliver relatively even water flow.

Front 50

3 types of pressure tanks

Back 50

Standard - no sep. Of h20 and air

Diaphragm

Bladder

Front 51

Diaphragm pump

Back 51

Pumps which e plot the alternate squeezing and expanding of a flexible diaphragm 5o impart motion to a fluid

Front 52

Jet pump

Back 52

Centrifugal pump with a nozzle and venturi assembly to increase pump efficiency

Front 53

Metering Pump

Back 53

Small pump usually used for adding a measured amt of chemical compound to the water.

Front 54

Reciprocating Pump

Back 54

Uses a piston, plunger or similar device to displace a given volume of fluid each stroke of the pump.

Front 55

Rotary Pump

Back 55

Employs devices such as gears or wheels with slots and rotating segment to move liquid.

Front 56

Submersible pump

Back 56

Centrifugal pump meant to run completely submerged in a well.

Front 57

Pump Check Valve

Back 57

Lift check valve included at a submersible pump outlet to prevent reverse rotation of pump impellers due to water draining back thru the pump.

Front 58

Tank Tee

Back 58

Fitting which attaches a pressure tank to water systems delivery line. Usually has threaded connections suitable for attaching h20 systems pressure controls and measurement devices

Front 59

Torque Arrester

Back 59

Centering device placed over pump drop pipe, to keep drop pipe centered in the well

Front 60

How far apart are torque arrestors installed?

Back 60

Every 75 or 80 ft.

Front 61

Waterlogged

Back 61

Condition of a pressure tank when its lost its air charge and is filled with h20

Front 62

Water Quality

Back 62

Chemical and physical properties of h20, including clarity, turbidity, pH, TDS, hardness, dissolved gasses, taste and odour

Front 63

How should a rural distribution system be sized?

Back 63

To accommodate the daily peak demand in a 2 hr period.

Front 64

If a dwelling supplied by a well, and has an interior fire sprinkler system, how much h20 must be stored.

Back 64

10 minute supply of H20

Front 65

How many GPM should an ideal well produce?

Back 65

10-15 GPM

Front 66

How much water does a person use per pay?

Back 66

60 US gal. Or 230L

Front 67

How much water does a dairy cow use per day?

Back 67

24 gal. Or 90 L

Front 68

How much water does one beef cattle use per day?

Back 68

14 gal or 55 L

Front 69

What is the typical rule of thumb for sizing sprinkler installs in a residence?

Back 69

3/4" pipe supply 1 sprinkler, and 1" pipe supplying 2 sprinklers

Front 70

What % of fresh water on earth is surface water

Back 70

5%

Front 71

Cistern construction materials

Back 71

Corrosion resistant steel, concrete (plain & coated), fiberglass and polyethylene

Front 72

What must be done if a cistern cant be buried deep enough to keep the water at the top from freezing?

Back 72

Must be protected by a layer of insulation, suitable for the application, placed above the tank

Front 73

Why does an externally filled cistern have a separate vent pipe?

Back 73

To allow the tank to operate under atm pressure. Tank must vent quickly when water is added, and allow air to enter while water is being used.

Front 74

How should you install a fresh air vent on a cistern?

Back 74

With the vent terminal facing the ground, so precipitation cant enter and at a height where weeds and grass wont grow into it.

Front 75

What must you do when installing a fiberglass cistern?

Back 75

Place on a firm level surface and secure it.

Front 76

Dugout

Back 76

A man made pod constructed to hold surface water or runoff water.

Front 77

How is h20 prevented from seeping away from a dugout?

Back 77

By installing a waterproof membrane or clay layering (gleization)

Front 78

Why are ponds not usually used as a water source?

Back 78

Often overrun by aquatic life, objectionable growth of water plants and algae

Front 79

Seepage spring

Back 79

Where water seeps out sand and gravel

Front 80

Fissure spring

Back 80

Water comes from bedding planes, joints, faults or cleavage lines in rock.

Front 81

Tubular spring

Back 81

H20 issues from tube like openings in the ground

Front 82

What size are industrial wells commonly drilled?

Back 82

6"

Front 83

What size are domestic wells drilled?

Back 83

4 or 5"

Front 84

What are the most common type of well?

Back 84

Drilled wells

Front 85

How high above ground should a well be finished?

Back 85

Min 1 foot

Front 86

What % of drilled wells are made with cable tool or percussion in Alberta?

Back 86

40%

Front 87

What % of drilled wells are drilled with rotary drilling rigs?

Back 87

60%

Front 88

Driven well

Back 88

Useful for short term water supplies. Ex. Sand point

Front 89

What size attachments are made for driven wells?

Back 89

1 1/4" thru 2"

Front 90

Bored wells

Back 90

Usually limited to surface water collection. Often larger and shallower than most wells.

Front 91

Dug well

Back 91

Well dug by hand

Front 92

Jetted well

Back 92

Small diameter wells in suitable unconsolidated formations by using water injection method.

Front 93

Why does the amt of h20 needed by hogs vary so greatly?

Back 93

Gender, size and lactating status

Front 94

Why is drinking water with no treatment rarely collected from lakes?

Back 94

H20 may appear clean, but could be contaminated by animals using watershed for lake.

Front 95

Why are water intakes placed at various levels in a lake?

Back 95

To allow collection of the cleanest possible h20 from a lake during seasonal turnover of the lake

Front 96

How are springs classifies into3 different categories?

Back 96

By how the water from the spring comes to the grounds surface.

Front 97

When placing an impoundment box over a spring to provide for water collection, how is the spring prepared?

Back 97

With as little disturbance as possible to the opening

Front 98

What factors influence h20s ability to dissolve soluable material?

Back 98

Solubility of material, time of contact, pH of water, speed of percolation

Front 99

How does a well screen filter material material out of water coming from an unconsolidated aquifer?

Back 99

Screen relies on bridging of larger material near screen to filter fine material

Front 100

What is well development?

Back 100

Cleaning of an aquifer by a drill rig to ensure the well water is as clean as possible

Front 101

How are wells generally sorted as to their type?

Back 101

By the type of eqpt used to make them