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109 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Characteristics of A Myth
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Timeframe: Set in the past
Ostensibly True Often Deals with god and the supernatural Definition: Traditional Socially powerful story |
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Charter Myth
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justifies a ritual
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Etiological Myth
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explains why things are the way they are
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Instructional Myth
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Tells you about moral function
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Myth Proper
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god's relationship with mankind
religious in nature but not religion |
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Folktales
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Talking Animals
Used for Entertainment Magical Elements/Impossibilities |
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Legend/Saga
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Historical Figure
Rooted in Human History Possible Events Symbolic for Society Saga: series of stories about family |
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Mythos
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Mythology
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Social Power of Myth
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Beliefs that were believed at the time
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Story
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A series of events
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Tradition and Myth-Telling
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It's just part of the culture and you don't know the author
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Allegory
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Myths are disguised as something else such as religion or philosophy
What Theory |
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Archetype
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Something repeated often to where it becomes part of culture
Why Theory |
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Bronislaw Malinowski
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Functionalism-Myths only serve the function of maintaining and justifying a society's practices
What Theory |
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Cambridge-Myth Ritual
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The origin of myths in all societies is the explanation of ritual
James Frazier Why Theory |
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Claude Levi Strauss
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Myth exists to mediate contradictions of binary opposites
Why Theory-Structuralism |
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Carl Jung
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Myths are reflections of the collective unconscious
Archetypes Why Theory Psychoanalysis |
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Comparative Mythology
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Comparative mythology is the systematic comparison of myths from different cultures in the attempt to identify shared themes and characteristics
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Euhumerus
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believed that myths are based on traditional accounts of real people and events also known as
Euhemerism What Theories-Historicism |
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Functionalism
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What Theory
Myths only serve the function of maintaining and justifying a particular society’s practices |
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Max Muller
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Myths can be reduced to primitive man’s attempt to express the awe they felt before the natural phenomena of day and night
Natural Allegory-What Theory |
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Heraclitus Homeric Problems
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believed in myths as allegory
What Theories |
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Psychoanalytic Theories
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Sigmund Freud-Myths are the collective dreams of the human race
Carl Jung: Myths are reflections of the collective unconscious Archetypes |
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Sigmund Freud
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Myths are the collective dreams of the human race
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Sir James Frazier
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Golden Bough
The origin of myths in all societies is the explanation of ritual What Theories-Cambridge-Myth-Ritual |
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Structuralism
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A system of definable relations between the parts or elements of a whole which admit predictable transformations-Walter-Bruekert
Why Theory |
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What Theories
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What theory will tell you what a myth is. It tells you only what it is. Ex: myths is only misrepresented history, allegory.What theories explain myth as a subcategory or forerunner of something else. What theories are generally more older.
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Why Theories
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Why theories try to find the impetus behind the myths. It’s hard to prove its right or wrongs ( Why Theories). A Why theory try to find what causes myths.
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Anthropomorphism
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is the attribution of human characteristics to animals or non-living things, phenomena, material states and objects or abstract concepts.
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Birth of Aphrodite
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According to Hesiod's Theogony, she was born when Cronus cut off Uranus' genitals and threw them into the sea, and from the sea foam (aphros) arose Aphrodite.
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Birth of the Furies (Erinyes)
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Birth of Furies and Giants from blood-these are the revenge girls from the castration of Ouranos
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Birth order of Rhea's Children
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Hestia, Demeter, Hera, Hades, Poseidon, and then a rock instead of Zeus
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Birth of the Giants
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From Castration of Ouranos, blood dripped became the giants and furies
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Cosmogony
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Automatic (spontaneously generated, no creator)
Hesiod, Theogony Architectural (created by someone) Genesis and Ovid, Metamorphoses Cosmogony (Birth of the universe) |
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Cronus (Saturn) and Rhea
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Cronus imprisons Cyclopes and Hundred-Handers
Cronus swallows the five Children as they are born Hestia, Demeter, Hera, Hades, Poseidon, and then a rock instead of Zeus |
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Cyclopes
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Son of Uranus and Gaea
Fashioned lightning bolts |
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Hesiod's Historical Context
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Date of composition: 8th BC
Purpose: Artistic take on an orally transmitted material, not a sacred text Theme: Theogony (Birth of the Gods) and Cosmogony (Birth of the universe) |
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Theogony
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Birth of the Gods.
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Theogony (the work)
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Jump to: navigation, search
The Theogony (Greek: Θεογονία, Theogonía, the birth of God[s]) is a poem by Hesiod (8th-7th century BC) describing the origins and genealogies of the gods of the ancient Greeks, composed circa 700 BC. It is written in the same artificial Epic dialect of Ancient Greek used by Homer. |
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Hetaconcheires (Hundred Hander's)
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were figures in an archaic stage of Greek mythology, three giants of incredible strength and ferocity, that surpasses that of all of Titans whom they helped overthrow
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Kinds of Cosmogony
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Automatic (spontaneously generated, no creator)
Hesiod, Theogony Architectural (created by someone) Genesis and Ovid, Metamorphoses |
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Logical Context of Cosmogony
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Generations and Regime Change
Ex: Protogenoi (primordial divinities) ; Gaea and Uranus; Cronus and Rhea; and Olympians Families of things- ex: Spirits of night, Sea gods, Titans Anthromorphic Gods They have emotion and feeling |
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Omphalos
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the stone Cronus ate instead of Zeus
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Ouranous + Gaea =?
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Chaos Gaea Tartarus Eros
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Apollodorus Library (Mythography)
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2nd Century AD writer is collecting a lot of literature, he’s creating a synthesis and an epitome of what myths are all about it. These myths attempt to cohesively combine myths together.
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Birth of Athena (Minerva)
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Zeus does it with Metis (a titan), an oracle predicted that the son would become the ruler of the gods. So Zeus eats his wife and Athena pops out of his head. Sometimes with Hephaestus axing his heads, other times just popping out
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Birth of Hephaestus
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comes straight out of Hera according to some myths, in others she is the baby of Zeus and Hera, as a result he is lame
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Ileithyia
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Goddess of childbirth
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Eurynome
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nursed Hephaestus back to health after he was cast down
her + Zeus = Graces |
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Gigantomachy
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War of the Giants
Gaia is vexed by what happened to Titans, she produces giants by Uranus Massive long hair bulky people There is an oracle that the giants cannot be killed except with the help of a mortal (i.e. Hercules) There is a plant that makes giants invincible but Zeus stops sun to hide them |
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Hebe
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Goddess of youth
She is the daughter of Zeus and Hera.[3] Hebe was the cupbearer for the gods and goddesses of Mount Olympus, serving their nectar and ambrosia, until she was married to Heracles, |
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Metis
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Metis (Μῆτις, "wisdom," "skill," or "craft") was of the Titan generation and, like several primordial figures, an Oceanid, in the sense that Mètis was born of Oceanus and Tethys, of an earlier age than Zeus and his siblings. Mètis was the first great spouse of Zeus, indeed his equal (Hesiod, Theogony 896) and the mother of Athena,
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Mnemosyne
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goddess of memory
The muses-poetry has to be memorized |
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Porphyrion
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giant that tried to rape Hera
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Alcyoneus
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was the eldest of the Thracian Gigantes of Greek mythology.[1] He was born (like all other Gigantes) in full armor with a spear in his hand. He was the most prominent of the Gigantes who led a major rebellion against the Olympian Gods, and was said to be immortal in his homeland, Pallene.
cannot die if on gaea so athena helped get him off |
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Styx
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was a river in Greek mythology which formed the boundary between Earth and the Underworld
Zeus + Styx = Persephone |
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Themis
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(the Seasons), Peace, Order, Justice, and the Fates
Zeus + Themis equals above |
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Titanomachy
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There’s a war between the Titans and the Elder Olympians
Lasted 10 years One of the factors of this world is that Gaia prophesied that the Olympians would need help to overthrow Titans, therefore in Apollodorus (you need Cyclops) in the other one (need both). Cyclops made lightning, trident, and helmet |
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The Triple Division
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Hades gets Tartarus, Poseidon gets waters and earthquakes, and Zeus gets sky and Earth
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Typhon
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Gaia is still pissed and intercourse with Tartarus
All the Olympians run away and metamorph into animals and leave Zeus by himself Typhon cuts tendons off w/ Adamantium Sickle that Zeus tried using against him Hermes and Pan helps Zeus out by getting his tendons back Fighting over the whole Mediterranean by himself Mount Etna is thrown on top of Typhon Mt. Hinus? Typhon’s blood colors the mountains Interpretation can be Earth deity vs Heaven deity |
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Xenia
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is the Greek concept of hospitality, or generosity and courtesy shown to those who are far from home. It is often translated as "guest-friendship" (or "ritualized friendship") because the rituals of hospitality created and expressed a reciprocal relationship between guest and host.
class primarily hangout together |
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Ambrosia
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ambrosia (Greek: ἀμβροσία) is sometimes the food, sometimes the drink, of the Greek gods (or demigods), often depicted as conferring ageless immortality upon whoever consumes it.
emphasize anthromorphous qualities |
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Contents of Ambrosia
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when she opens the jar she gives all these evil gifts into the world
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Deucalion and Pyrrha
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In some myths, son and daughter of Prometheus and Epimetheus respectively
it’s not the flood of the whole world, just the Greek one The flood Rain comes from both up and down (rain and springs) Deukalion and Pyrrha survived in a chest or a small boat The oracle and the repopulation they’re scared that there would never be anymore of them Prometheus forewarns them of the flood Themis gives them the oracle which is throw the bones of your great mother over your shoulder with your eyes closed |
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Epimetheus
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In later myths, the daughter of Epimetheus and Pandora was Pyrrha, who married Deucalion and was one of the two who survived the deluge.
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Four Races in Hesiod's Works and Days
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Golden Race-the time of Chronus, blissful time, they disappear by falling asleep
Silver Race-the idiots, they’re raised like children and die b/c stupid, don’t give honor to God Bronze Race-created by Zeus, hard-hearted, warlike, they kill themselves off Heroes- Odysseus and stuff like that, heroes kill themselves off Iron Race-is our race, everybody’s a sinner, |
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Metamorphoses
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700 years later
Literary culture Scientific Theories of the day- atoms four elements Nature as creator 700 years later Literary culture Scientific Theories of the day- atoms four elements Nature as creator |
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Ichor
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God's bloods
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Nectar
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drink that makes gods immortal
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Pandora
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Creation of Pandora (pan=all +dora=gifts) for Epimetheus (his name means afterthought)
Pandora’s pithos pithos is a jar when she opens the jar she gives all these evil gifts into the world Elpis (hope) hope is hanging on the inside of the jar open to interpretation |
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Prometheus
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Dispute over the god’s portion of sacrifices between humans and gods
Prometheus attempts to trick Zeus by changing the appearance of the good sacrifice Zeus punishes mankind by taking fire Steals fire for humankind also known as bringer of culture also taught them how to build houses also teaches them how to domesticate animals Aeschylus’ trilogy: Prometheus bringer of culture This myth can be an etiological or ritual myth some may say there might be a psychological theory Rescued by Herakles |
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Acteion (Actaeon)
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Accidently viewed Artemis naked
Turns his body into a stag and his hounds tear him to shreds Even though there was no hubris, it’s the point of transgression, the fact that he did is what matters. |
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Apollo
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Bow and Arrow (bringer of sudden death)
usually whenever these symbols show up it is Apollo the young Olympians stay young, while the older Olympians grow till they’re a specific age he’s usually associated with culture, music, father of Aesclepius (god of medicine) but he’s also the bringer of the plague, disease Lyre (Muses) musical instrument some stories he got from Hermes some others he already had it in charge of the Muses representative of the arts and culture Snakes (oracle), animals of song (ex:swans) sometimes snake is representative of medicine, other times reference to Python Epithet: Phoebus (shining) Apollo eventually takes the place of Helios as the sun god |
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Artemis
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Bow and Arrow
represents the opposite of Apollo she’s the huntress of animals and the protector of younger animals Dog, Fawn, Boar (animals of the hunt) the animals that she is correlated to Protector of women in childbirth if you’re in labor you pray to Artemis to save you when a woman is in childbirth she is at her “wildest state” which explains the irony w/ next point Virgin maiden and patron of young maidens When identifying Artemis her skirt is usually pulled up so she can run faster |
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Birth of Apollo and Artemis
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So and daughter of Leto and Zeus
Leto is a titan Hera isn’t too happy about Zeus being with another woman, chases Leto around Born on Delos Most myths say that Apollo and Artemis was born on Delos, supposedly a moving island. In some myths, Artemis helps Apollo out because she was born first This is because Artemis is god of childbirth Apollo and Python Gaia had a snake that in some accounts, pursues Leto around. Apollo eventually takes revenge and kills the snake at Delphi, thus taking over the oracle position |
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Hubris of Creosus
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Interview of Solon: most “fortunate/blessed” man
Creosus shows all of his wealth, and then asks who is the most fortunate person a god then became angry because he says he’s been blessed and that he ends up most blessed he thinks that nothing can happen that will affect his blessedness Loss of Son, Atys he has a dream that his son was going to die by iron Atys died on board hunt point is that nobody can escape fate Defeated by Cyrus prophecy that “a great empire will be destroyed” and interprets it that he will win |
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Delos
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where Apollo and Artemis were born
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Leto (Latona)
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So and daughter of Leto and Zeus
Leto is a titan |
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Marsayas
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Challenge the god of music, Apollo, to a musical contest
he thinks he can play a flute better than Apollo Flayed alive he turns into a river, metamorphoses |
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Apollo's Maxims
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“Know thyself”
Know who you are know your place “Nothing in excess” causes you to have hubris and be prideful, these maxims go together |
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Niobe
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Bragging that she is superior to Leto (Latona)
Leto runs off crying to Artemis and Apollo Loss of 7 sons and 7 daughters at the hands of Leto’s children Artemis and Apollo Apollo kills all men while Artemis kills all women changes into a weeping cliff |
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Oracles at Delphi
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Pythia
the oracles are really ambiguous and hard to decipher |
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Phoebus (Shining)
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Apollo eventually takes the place of Helios as the sun god
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Pythia (Pythoness)
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she's the oracle at Delphi
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Python
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Gaia had a snake that in some accounts, pursues Leto around. Apollo eventually takes revenge
and kills the snake at Delphi, thus taking over the oracle position |
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Anchises
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Zeus turns Aphrodite’s sphere of influence against her
can’t do anything against Hestia, Artemis, and Athena she falls in love with Anchises Aphrodite comes in disguise to Anchises at Mt. Ida near Troy he recognizes that she as a maiden is different than other normal women (very cautious) she makes him fall in love with her After sex revelation and reactions Shame Aphrodite she is so ashamed of sleeping with a mortal Fear Anchises |
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Aeneas
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Aeneas is born and nurtured by the nymphs
Anchises must not reveal who the mother is In other accounts, he reveals it and becomes crippled |
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Aphrodite
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Uranus (Saturn) and from foam (aphros) of the sea (Aphrodite Ourania)
different names of Aphrodite Ourania- “heavenly love” Cyprus Epithet: Cyprian or Cyatheria Dione and Zeus (Aphrodite Bandemos) Attributes Young and beautiful Marriage age Usually in a state of undress Accompanied by Eros (Cupid) Sphere of influence ta aphrodisiac |
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Aphros
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foam
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Aphrodite and Ares
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cheat alot Hephaestus catches them
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Apollo and Daphne
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Daphne and Apollo
Apollo questions Cupid’s use of bow, a manly weapon Cupid shoots Apollo with gold arrow (attraction) and Daphen with lead (hate) Ridicule of Apollo and the revenge of Eros (Cupid) Bay laurel tree Daphne prays right before she is caught and her father turned her into the tree |
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Cyprus
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Aphrodite's city
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Cypria
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Aphrodite's Epithet
The Cypria (Ancient Greek: Κύπρια Kypria; Latin form: Cypria) is an epic of ancient Greek literature that was quite well known in the Classical period[1] and fixed in a received text, but which subsequently was lost to view. |
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Eros
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“Force”
Sappho, Hymn to Aphrodite Transitory madness, disease, it’s an external thing Under the control of Aphrodite it’s like a lovesickness, passionate warlike Plato, Symposium Friend and healer of ills attraction rather than passion Aristophanes-Eros is a consequent of our current nature |
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Hephaestus and Aphrodite
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Husband and Wife
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Mt. Ida
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where Aphrodite comes in disguise to Anchises
where Zeus was born |
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Pygmalion
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which Pygmalion was a sculptor who fell in love with a statue he had carved.
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Sex with mortals
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Sex with Mortals if it is a female deity
Shame because he penetrates thus making him more dominant than the goddess Different male god with mortal female as opposed to vice versa Product of Union she will bear the child of their union, shameful because the child will die (a mortal) |
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Eos and Tithonus
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Tithonus pursued by Eos
Gift of eternal life but not eternal youth Locks him in a chamber and he wastes away b/c of no eternal youth. |
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Zeus and Ganeymede
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Zeus snatches young prince and son of Tros
Cupbearer to the gods a whirlwind takes him up to the heavens |
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Minerva and Arachne
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Arachne challenges Minerva to a weaving contest
In disguise, Minerva warns Arachne (gave her a chance) Two different tapestries Minerva’s mortals who challenged the gods Arachne’s the dalliances of the gods with mortals she beats her on the head a few times, she is resurrected as a spider |
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Erectheus
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Early King of Athens
Hephaestus is attracted to Athena tries to rape her wipes sperm off her leg and flings it to ground Gaia brings child up |
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Judgement of Paris
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Wedding of Peleus and Thetis
Hera- rule all the lands/ dominate the rest in wealth Athena- strongest among mortals/ know every skill Aphrodite – he would marry the most beautiful woman in the world, Helen |
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Minerva Capta
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capta could be head
Minerva capta could be captured when you conquer another country you can take on another god |
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Pallas
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the common epithet for Athena
Several theories to why her name is Pallas 1) slays and skins the giant Pallas with his own shield in the Gigantomachy (giant war) (a lance) 2) Pallein means to brandish 3) she was raised with a daughter of Triton’s daughter Palladion and killed her when playing war games |
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Palladion
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The Greeks learned from Helenus, that Troy would not fall while the Palladium, image or statue of Athena, remained within Troy's walls.
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Romulus and Remus
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Founder of Rome
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Rhea Silvia
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mother of Romulus and Remus
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Syncretism
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Syncretism is the attempt to reconcile disparate or contrary beliefs, often while melding practices of various schools of thought.
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