Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Acronym
|
Technique for remembering names, phrases or steps by using the first letter of each word to form a new, memorable word
|
|
Attention
|
Focus on a stimulus
|
|
Automated Basic Skills
|
Skills that are applied without conscious thought
|
|
Automaticity
|
The ability to perform thoroughly learned tasks without much mental effort
|
|
Bottom-Up Processing
|
Perceiving based on noticing separate defining features and assembling them into a recognizable pattern.
|
|
Central Executive
|
The part of working memory that is responsible for monitoring and directing attention and other mental resources
|
|
Chain Mnemonics
|
Memory strategies that associate one-element in a series with the next element
|
|
Chunking
|
Grouping individual bits of data into meaningful larger units
|
|
Cognititve Load
|
The volume of resources necessary to complete a task
|
|
Cognitive View of Learning
|
A general approach that views learning as an active mental process of acquiring, remembering and using knowledge
|
|
Concept
|
A category used to group similar events, ideas, objects or people
|
|
Concept
|
The part of working memory that is responsible for monitoring and directing attention and other mental resources
|
|
Conditional Knowledge
|
"Knowing when and why" to use declarative and procedural knowledge
|
|
Context
|
The physical or emotional backdrop associated with an event.
|
|
Decay
|
The weakening and fading of memories with the passage of time
|
|
Declarative Knowledge
|
Verbal information; facts, "knowing that" something is the case
|
|
Defining Attribute
|
Qualities that connect members of a group to a specific concept
|
|
Distributed Practice
|
Practice in brief periods with rest intervals
|
|
Domain-Specific Strategies
|
Consciously applied skills to reach goals in a particular subject or problem area
|
|
Episodic Memory
|
Long-term memory for information tied to a particular time and place, especially memory of the events in a person's life.
|
|
Elaboration
|
Adding and extending meaning by connecting new information to existing knowlege
|
|
Elaborative Rehearsal
|
Keeping information in working memory by associating it with something else you already know
|
|
Extraneous Cognitive Load
|
The resources required to process stimuli irrelevant to the task
|
|
Executive Control Processes
|
Processes such as selective attention, rehearsal, elaboration and organization that influence encoding, storage, and retrieval of information in memory
|
|
Exemplar
|
An actual memory of a specific object
|
|
Explicit Memory
|
Long-term memories that involve deliberate or conscious recall
|
|
Flashbulb Memories
|
Clear, vivid memories of emotionally important events in your life
|
|
Gestalt
|
German for pattern or whole. Gestalt theorists hold that people organize their perceptions into coherent wholes
|
|
General Knowledge
|
Information that is useful in many different kinds of tasks; information that applies to many situations
|
|
Germane Cognitive Load
|
Deep processing of information related to the task, including the application of prior knowledge to a new task or problem
|
|
Interference
|
The process that occurs when remembering certain information is hampered by the presence of other information
|
|
Intrinsic Cognitive Load
|
The resources required by the task itself, regardless of other stimuli
|
|
Images
|
Representations based on the physical attributes-the appearance-of information
|
|
Implicit Memory
|
Knowledge that we are not conscious of recalling, but influences behavior or thought without our awareness
|
|
Information Processing
|
The human mind's activity of taking in, storing and using information
|
|
Keyword Method
|
System of associating new words or concepts with similar-sounding cue words and images
|
|
Levels of Processing Theory
|
Theory that recall of information is based on how deeply it is processed
|
|
Loci Method
|
Technique of associating items with specific places
|
|
Long Term Memory
|
Permannent store of knowledge
|
|
Long-Term Working Memory
|
Holds the strageties for pulling pulling information from long-term memory into working memory
|
|
Maintenance Rehearsal
|
Keeping information in working memory by repeating it to yourself
|
|
Massed Practices
|
Practice for a single extended period
|
|
Productions
|
The concepts of procedural memory; rules about what actions to take, given certain conditions
|
|
Mnemonics
|
Techniques for remembering; also, for the art of memory
|
|
Perception
|
Interpretation of sensory information
|
|
Priming
|
Activating a concept in memory or the spread of activation from one concept to another
|
|
Organization
|
Ordered and logical network of relations
|
|
Procedural Knowledge
|
Knowledge that is demonstrated when we perform a task, "knowing how"
|
|
Procedural memory
|
Long-term memory for how to do things
|
|
Prototype
|
A best example or best representative of a category
|
|
Phonological Loop
|
Part of working memory. A memory rehearsal system for verbal and sound information or about 1.5 to 2 seconds
|
|
Peg-Type Mnemonics
|
System of associating items with cue words
|
|
Part Learning
|
Breaking a list of rote learning items into shorter lists
|
|
Propositional Network
|
Set of interconnected concepts and relationships in which long-term knowledge is held
|
|
Retrieval
|
Process of searching for and finding information in long-term memory
|
|
Reconstruction
|
Recreating information by using memories, expectations, logic and existing knowledge
|
|
Rote Memorization
|
Remembering information by repetition without necessarily understanding the meaning of the information
|
|
Schemas (singular, schema)
|
Basic structure for organizing information, concepts
|
|
Short-term Memory
|
Component of memory system that holds information for about 20 seconds
|
|
Semantic Memory
|
Memory for meaning
|
|
Story Grammar
|
Typical structure or organization for a category of stories
|
|
Serial-Positions Effect
|
The tendency to remember the beginning and the end but not the middle of a list
|
|
Script
|
Schema or expected plan for the sequences of steps in a common event such as buying groceries or ordering take-out pizza
|