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106 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Voice Disorder |
Difficulty maintaining, initiating, controlling voice |
|
Voice disorders have deviation in |
pitch, loudness, quality, resonance |
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3 types of voice disorders |
functional, organic, neurological |
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functional voice disorder |
usage problem |
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organic voice disorder |
structural, physical problem |
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neurogenic voice disorder |
neurological problem, impairment in muscle control and innervation of respiration or phonation |
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SLP's describe and diagnose ____ but do not diagnose ___ |
speech behavior, medical conditions |
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signs |
characteristics that can be observed or tested |
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signs are based on |
examination, observation, measurement |
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sings can be |
perceptual, acoustic, or physiological |
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Symptoms |
Client's complaint or description of problem and aren't always verifiable |
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acoustic signs |
fundamental frequency, amplitude, dynamic range, phonation time |
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amplitude norm |
70-80 db |
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dynamic range |
50-115 db |
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phonation time norm |
20 seconds |
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Perceptual signs |
reduced variability, reduced range, quality, aphonia |
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symptoms of voice problems |
horseness, vocal fatigue, pitch breaks, strain, tremor, aphonia |
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the most common voice disorder |
functional |
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functional voice disorders |
vocal hyper function, speaking on residual air, excessive loudness, hard glottal attacks |
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vocal nodules |
benign, bilateral, callous nodes |
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vocal polyps |
unilateral, soft, fluid filled growth |
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sessile polyp |
diffuse |
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pedunculated polyp |
attached by a stalk |
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cysts |
unilateral, glandular duct blockage |
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contact ulcer |
uni or bilateral, canker sore on arytenoids, caused by GERD |
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edema |
swelling form abuse, disease, allergies, smoking |
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chronic laryngitis |
inflammation, chord thickening |
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7 organic voice disorders |
papilloma, carcinoma, granuloma, laryngitis, laryngeal webbing, inflammatory arthritis, GERD |
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papilloma |
viral, benign tumor |
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carcinoma |
malignant tumor can lead to laryngectomy |
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granulmoa |
trauma from intubation or GERD |
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laryngitis |
viral inflammation |
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laryngeal webbing |
congenital or scar tissue from injury |
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up to ___ patients have GERD |
2/3 |
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2 types of intervention |
primary and secondary |
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primary intervention |
medical, surgical, pharmacological, dietary management |
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secondary intervention |
SLP, vocal hygeine, rest |
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Neurogenic voice disorders on which nerve? |
Cranial nerve X: vagus |
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Neurogenic voice disorders |
central or peripheral nervous system impairment |
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6 neurogenic voice disorders |
cerebral palsy, parkinsons, ALS, vocal paralysis, spasmodic dysphonia, involuntary contractions |
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Cerebral palsy |
disorder of movement |
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parkinsons |
movement imitation, mono, low pitch |
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ALS |
muscle weakness |
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vocal paralysis |
uni or bilateral, most common, severed nerve so can't contract |
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Endoscope |
specialized tube |
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laryngoscope |
straight metal tube to view larynx |
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Ridgid laryngoscopy |
pass tube through mouth, hold tonuge while viewing larynx provides clearest view |
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Fiberoptic laryngoscopy |
view vocal folds during phonation |
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Laryngostroboscopy |
vibration of vocal folds in slow motion |
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vocal rehabilitation |
medical, environmental, direct |
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Lee Silverman Voice Treatment |
respiratory or vocal hyperfunction increase volume by breath support, vocal fold adduction, oral cavity resonance |
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motor speech disorders |
dysarthrias and aproxia of speech |
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motor speech disorders can be…. |
developmental or acquired, static, improving, or worsening |
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motor speech disorders are associated with |
lesions to CNS or PNS structures |
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motor speech disorders are |
caused by many disease most common neurogenic communication disorder |
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upper neurons |
motor areas of cerebral cotex and subcortical structures (initiate movement) |
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lower neurons |
connect brain and spinal chord to muscle fibers |
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spinal nerves |
extend from spinal chord (respiration) |
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trigeminal V |
jaw movemnt |
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facial VII |
face muscles |
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Vagus X |
port and larynx |
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hypoglossal XII |
tongue movemnt |
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Dysarthia |
damage to nervous system pathways |
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dysarthia causes abnormality in |
strength, speed, range, tone, steadiness, accuracy of speech movement |
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dysarthia causes |
weakness, slowness, incoordination, sensory loss |
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dysarthia symptoms |
imprecise articulation, slow articulation, abnormal resonance, breathy or strained voice, low volume |
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flacid dysarthia |
weak, hypotonic muscles, hypernasality, breathiness |
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spastic dysarthia |
stiff contracted muscles, strained voice, slow speech |
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Ataxic dysarthia |
uncoordinated movements, sound drunk |
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Hypokinetic dysarthia |
parkinsons, monopitch, reduced loudness |
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hyperkinetic dysarthia |
involuntary movements, tic, tremor |
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AMR |
alternating motion rates |
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SMR |
sequential motion rates |
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developemental dysarthia |
due to cerebral palsy |
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Spastic CP |
stiff, difficult movement |
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Athetoid Cp |
slow unctrolled movement |
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Ataxic CP |
balance, depth perception |
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Aproxia of speech |
impaired ability to program positioning of speech musculature and sequencing of muscular movements due to a cerebral lesion |
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primary feature of AOS |
articulation errors |
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problems with AOS |
weakness, phonological impairment, sensory loss |
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primary AOS |
disordered articulation |
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secondary AOS |
compensatory alterations to prosody |
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automatic AOS |
reflexic, over learned speech is usually fluent |
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aquired AOS |
present with aphasia, dysarthria |
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problem with motor execution |
dys |
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problem with motor planning |
AOS |
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Communication |
process of exchanging info and ideas |
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paralinguistics |
intonation, stress, rate pauses |
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nonlinguistic |
gestures, facial expression, proximity, eye contact |
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metalinguistic |
thinking about how we use language |
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newborns can |
attend to face and voice and discriminate phonemes and voices |
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Six things toddlers know |
words refer to entities words can be grouped novel words go with previously unarmed entities words are used consistently words are extendable to similar appearing entities words refer to whole entities not parts |
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neighborhood density |
number of possible words that differ by one phoneme |
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phonatic probability |
likelihood of sound pattern occuring |
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bootstrapping |
children use what they already know to help comprehend and use more complex language |
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___ percent of young children of DLI |
10-15 |
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People with DLI will have challenges with |
verbal communication social interaction academics self concept
|
|
DLI |
impairment in comprehension and use of spoken, written, symbol system |
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expressive language disorder |
limited vocal, gram. errors, word recall, less complex |
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DLI syndromic |
symptom of larger symptom |
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syndromic DLI |
cognitive impairment, genetic disorder, sensory defecit, autism |
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Get diagnosed if |
no babbling by 12 months no gesturing by 12 months no single word by 16 months no 2 word sentences by 24 months
|
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multifactoral assessement |
standardized tests, observation |
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norm referenced tests |
compare to age matched peers |
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remediation |
improve functioning in identified defecit area |
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prevention |
halt emergence of secondary deficit |