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106 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Voice Disorder

Difficulty maintaining, initiating, controlling voice

Voice disorders have deviation in

pitch, loudness, quality, resonance

3 types of voice disorders

functional, organic, neurological

functional voice disorder

usage problem

organic voice disorder

structural, physical problem

neurogenic voice disorder

neurological problem, impairment in muscle control and innervation of respiration or phonation

SLP's describe and diagnose ____ but do not diagnose ___

speech behavior, medical conditions

signs

characteristics that can be observed or tested

signs are based on

examination, observation, measurement

sings can be

perceptual, acoustic, or physiological

Symptoms

Client's complaint or description of problem and aren't always verifiable

acoustic signs

fundamental frequency, amplitude, dynamic range, phonation time

amplitude norm

70-80 db

dynamic range

50-115 db

phonation time norm

20 seconds

Perceptual signs

reduced variability, reduced range, quality, aphonia

symptoms of voice problems

horseness, vocal fatigue, pitch breaks, strain, tremor, aphonia

the most common voice disorder

functional

functional voice disorders

vocal hyper function, speaking on residual air, excessive loudness, hard glottal attacks

vocal nodules

benign, bilateral, callous nodes

vocal polyps

unilateral, soft, fluid filled growth

sessile polyp

diffuse

pedunculated polyp

attached by a stalk

cysts

unilateral, glandular duct blockage

contact ulcer

uni or bilateral, canker sore on arytenoids, caused by GERD

edema

swelling form abuse, disease, allergies, smoking

chronic laryngitis

inflammation, chord thickening

7 organic voice disorders

papilloma, carcinoma, granuloma, laryngitis, laryngeal webbing, inflammatory arthritis, GERD

papilloma

viral, benign tumor

carcinoma

malignant tumor can lead to laryngectomy

granulmoa

trauma from intubation or GERD

laryngitis

viral inflammation

laryngeal webbing

congenital or scar tissue from injury

up to ___ patients have GERD

2/3

2 types of intervention

primary and secondary

primary intervention

medical, surgical, pharmacological, dietary management

secondary intervention

SLP, vocal hygeine, rest

Neurogenic voice disorders on which nerve?

Cranial nerve X: vagus

Neurogenic voice disorders

central or peripheral nervous system impairment

6 neurogenic voice disorders

cerebral palsy, parkinsons, ALS, vocal paralysis, spasmodic dysphonia, involuntary contractions

Cerebral palsy

disorder of movement

parkinsons

movement imitation, mono, low pitch

ALS

muscle weakness

vocal paralysis

uni or bilateral, most common, severed nerve so can't contract

Endoscope

specialized tube

laryngoscope

straight metal tube to view larynx

Ridgid laryngoscopy

pass tube through mouth, hold tonuge while viewing larynx


provides clearest view

Fiberoptic laryngoscopy

view vocal folds during phonation

Laryngostroboscopy

vibration of vocal folds in slow motion

vocal rehabilitation

medical, environmental, direct

Lee Silverman Voice Treatment

respiratory or vocal hyperfunction


increase volume by breath support, vocal fold adduction, oral cavity resonance

motor speech disorders

dysarthrias and aproxia of speech

motor speech disorders can be….

developmental or acquired, static, improving, or worsening

motor speech disorders are associated with

lesions to CNS or PNS structures

motor speech disorders are

caused by many disease


most common neurogenic communication disorder

upper neurons

motor areas of cerebral cotex and subcortical structures (initiate movement)

lower neurons

connect brain and spinal chord to muscle fibers

spinal nerves

extend from spinal chord (respiration)

trigeminal V

jaw movemnt

facial VII

face muscles

Vagus X

port and larynx

hypoglossal XII

tongue movemnt

Dysarthia

damage to nervous system pathways

dysarthia causes abnormality in

strength, speed, range, tone, steadiness, accuracy of speech movement

dysarthia causes

weakness, slowness, incoordination, sensory loss

dysarthia symptoms

imprecise articulation, slow articulation, abnormal resonance, breathy or strained voice, low volume

flacid dysarthia

weak, hypotonic muscles, hypernasality, breathiness

spastic dysarthia

stiff contracted muscles, strained voice, slow speech

Ataxic dysarthia

uncoordinated movements, sound drunk

Hypokinetic dysarthia

parkinsons, monopitch, reduced loudness

hyperkinetic dysarthia

involuntary movements, tic, tremor

AMR

alternating motion rates

SMR

sequential motion rates

developemental dysarthia

due to cerebral palsy

Spastic CP

stiff, difficult movement

Athetoid Cp

slow unctrolled movement

Ataxic CP

balance, depth perception

Aproxia of speech

impaired ability to program positioning of speech musculature and sequencing of muscular movements due to a cerebral lesion

primary feature of AOS

articulation errors

problems with AOS

weakness, phonological impairment, sensory loss

primary AOS

disordered articulation

secondary AOS

compensatory alterations to prosody

automatic AOS

reflexic, over learned speech is usually fluent

aquired AOS

present with aphasia, dysarthria

problem with motor execution

dys

problem with motor planning

AOS

Communication

process of exchanging info and ideas

paralinguistics

intonation, stress, rate pauses

nonlinguistic

gestures, facial expression, proximity, eye contact

metalinguistic

thinking about how we use language

newborns can

attend to face and voice and discriminate phonemes and voices

Six things toddlers know

words refer to entities


words can be grouped


novel words go with previously unarmed entities


words are used consistently


words are extendable to similar appearing entities


words refer to whole entities not parts

neighborhood density

number of possible words that differ by one phoneme

phonatic probability

likelihood of sound pattern occuring

bootstrapping

children use what they already know to help comprehend and use more complex language

___ percent of young children of DLI

10-15

People with DLI will have challenges with

verbal communication


social interaction


academics


self concept


DLI

impairment in comprehension and use of spoken, written, symbol system

expressive language disorder

limited vocal, gram. errors, word recall, less complex

DLI syndromic

symptom of larger symptom

syndromic DLI

cognitive impairment, genetic disorder, sensory defecit, autism

Get diagnosed if

no babbling by 12 months


no gesturing by 12 months


no single word by 16 months


no 2 word sentences by 24 months


multifactoral assessement

standardized tests, observation

norm referenced tests

compare to age matched peers

remediation

improve functioning in identified defecit area

prevention

halt emergence of secondary deficit