Intro To Cancer Chemotherapy

Front 1

a late stage tumor has several cells in what cell cycle phase?

Back 1

G0 (quiescence)

Front 2

tumor resistance to drugs

Back 2

heterogeneity of tumor

low growth fraction

spontaneous mutations

activity of P-glycoprotein

increase in Topoisomerase I and II

Front 3

the optimal dosing and timing is

Back 3

shortest possible dosing interval

Front 4

ABVD combo is used for

Back 4

Hodgkin's

Front 5

ABVD combo drugs

Back 5

Doxorubicin (Adriamycin), Blemycin, Vinblastine, Dacarbazine

Front 6

CHOP combo use

Back 6

Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma

Front 7

CHOP combo drugs

Back 7

Cyclophosphamide, Doxorubicin (Hydroxydaunorubicin), Vincristine (Oncovin), Prednisone

Front 8

Treat leukopenia (neutropenia)

Back 8

Pegfilgrastim, sargramostim

Front 9

Treat thrombocytopenia

Back 9

oprelvekin

Front 10

Treat anemia

Back 10

Darbepoetin alfa

Front 11

Treat diarrhea

Back 11

loperamide

Front 12

Treat N/V

Back 12

anti-emetics: ondansetron, dexamethasone, lorazepam

Front 13

Cancer drugs are...

Back 13

teratogens (esp. 1st trimester)

Front 14

Vincristine s/e

Back 14

Neurotoxicity

Front 15

Cyclophosphamide S/E

Back 15

Neutropenia

Front 16

Mitosis phase drugs

Back 16

Placitaxel, Vincristine

Front 17

S phase drugs

Back 17

Methotrexate, Fluorouracil, Fluxuridine, Thioguanine, Mercaptopurine, Cytarabine, Hydroxyurea

Front 18

G0 phase drugs

Back 18

Nitrosoureas = Carmustine, Lomustine

Front 19

DNA Alkylating agents mechanism

Back 19

covalently bind and cross link DNA

Front 20

Nitrogen mustards

Back 20

Cyclophosphamide, Ifosfamide, Chlorambucil, Mechlorethamine, Melphalan

Front 21

Alkylating-like drugs that bind carbon to platinum

Back 21

Cisplatin, Carboplatin, Oxaliplatin

Front 22

Cisplatin S/E

Back 22

ototoxicity

Front 23

Non-classic alkylating agent

Back 23

dacarbazine, temozolomide

Front 24

Folate antagonists

Back 24

Methotrexate, pemetrexed

Front 25

Methotrexate MOA

Back 25

inhibits dihydrofolate reductase

Front 26

Inhibitors of thymidylate synthetase (inhibit dUMP to dTMP)

Back 26

5-fluorouracil, capecitabine, floxuridine

Front 27

Pyrimidine Antagonists

Back 27

Cytarabine, gemcitabine

look like cytosine, thymine, uracil

Front 28

Purine Antagonists

Back 28

look like adenosine, guanine

Mercaptopurine, thioguanine, fludarabine, cladribine

Front 29

Mercaptopurine S/E

Back 29

tumor lysis syndrome

Front 30

Ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor

Back 30

Hydroxyurea

ATP, CTP, GTP, TTP cannot be converted to dNTP

Front 31

Mitotic inhibitors

Back 31

Taxanes = paclitaxel, docetaxel, cabazitaxel

Vinca alkaloid = vincristine, vinblastine, vinorelbine

Halichrondin B Marine Sponge = eribulin

Epothilone B = ixabepilone

Front 32

Anti-Topoisomerase I

Back 32

irinotecan, topotecan

Front 33

Anti-Topoisomerase II

Back 33

etoposide

Front 34

DNA intercalating drugs & DNA strand breakage

Back 34

Anthracycline ABs

Glycopeptide AB

Front 35

Anthracycline antibiotics

Back 35

Doxorubicin (Adriamycin, Hydroxydaunorubicin), Daunoribicin, idarubicin, epirubicin

Front 36

Glycopeptide antibiotic

Back 36

Bleomycin

Front 37

Doxorubicin S/E

Back 37

Cardiotoxicity

Front 38

Monoclonal antibodies

Back 38

Rituximab, ibritumomab, tiuexetan, tositumomab, ofatumumab, brentuximab

Front 39

Immune checkpoint inhibitors

Back 39

Ipilimumab, Nivolumab

Front 40

Ipilimumab

Back 40

CTLA-4 antibody: blocks T-cell inhibition

melanoma drug

Front 41

Nivolumab

Back 41

programmed death cell receptor antibody (PD-1) blocks T-cell inhibition

Front 42

EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (signal transduction inhibitors)

Back 42

Cetuximab, Panitumumab, Trastuzumab, Gefitinib, Erlotinib, Lapatinib, Crizotinib, Vandetanib

Front 43

Trastuzumab

Back 43

binds Her-2 receptor; breast cancer drug

Front 44

BCR-ABL Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (CML)

Back 44

Imatinib, Nilotinib, Dasatinib

Front 45

RAS/Map Kinase pathway inhibitors

Back 45

Sorafenib, Sunitinib, Vemurafenib

Front 46

Vermurafenib

Back 46

for melanoma w/ B-RAF mutation

Front 47

mTOR inhibitors

Back 47

Temsirolimus, Everlolimus (renal cancer)

stop protein translation

Front 48

Proteasome inhibitors

Back 48

Bortezomib, carfilzomib (cause apoptosis of cancer cell)

Front 49

Angiogenesis (VEGF) inhibitors

Back 49

Bevacizumab (Avastin), Thalidomide, Lenalidomide, Pazopanib

Front 50

Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors

Back 50

activate tumor suppressor genes

Front 51

DNA methyltransferase inhibition

Back 51

Hypomethylation of DNA = potential to reactivate tumor suppressor genes

Front 52

DNA methyltransferase inhibitor drug

Back 52

azacitidine

Front 53

Immune therapy

Back 53

interferon alfa-2a, interferon alfa-2b, aldesleukin

Front 54

Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMS)

Back 54

partial antagonists = tamoxifen, raloxifene, toremifene

full antagonists = fluvestrant

Front 55

Aromatase inhibitors

Back 55

anastrozole, letrozole, exemestane

block androgen to estrogen conversion (post-menopausal women)

Front 56

Androgen receptor antagonists

Back 56

Bicalutamide, Flutamide

for prostate cancer

Front 57

Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonists

Back 57

leuprolide, goserelin, triptorelin