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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are Morals?
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Morals are principles of right and wrong conduct
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Morals represent what?
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The codes of conduct of a society
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Morals do not require any what?
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Reasoning!
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Morals are about abiding principles of human interaction and could be based on what two things?
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1. Societal values
2. Religious Beliefs |
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What is Ethics?
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Ethics is a system of moral guiding principles
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Ethics is a framework, a systematic and reasoned basis for what?
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Making statements about morality
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Ethically, we require what two things?
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We require 1. Reason and 2. Justification for what we believe.
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Ethics does not provide judgements but an an objective analysis for WHAT?
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What we OUGHT TO DO!
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Morals are the everyday application of what?
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Ethics!
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What is the everyday application of ethics?
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Morals!
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What are the morals in question in the following example: Creating a fake need, a doctor operates on a patient to make more money?
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Lying and stealing money!
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What is an example of an Ethics violation mentioned in lecture?
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A doctor tries to have a romantic relationship with his/her patient
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Why is a doctor wanting a romantic relationship with a patient a breach of ethics?
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Doctor has violated the systemic code of conduct held in high esteem by all physicians
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What are the 5 main types of Ethics?
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1. Virtue Ethics
2. Justice Ethics 3. Rules Ethics 4. Rights Ethics 5. Duty Ethics |
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What is Virtue Ethics?
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Virtues are acquired through habit formation in order to reach a proper balance between extremes in conduct, emotion, desire, and attitude.
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What is Justice Ethics?
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Equal and impartial treatment of everyone without bias or favoritism.
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What is Rules Ethics?
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The belief that society can never be trusted to govern itself and there needs to be a sovereign who has the final word. THIS IS NOT VERY PREVALENT TODAY.
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What is Rights Ethics?
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Individual rights are paramount. Individuals can give up some of their rights in a civil contract with society for the better good.
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What is an example of Rights Ethics?
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Rights of fetus vs rights of the mother
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What is Duty Ethics?
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Motivation for an action should not be based on emotions or feelings but rather on one's duty.
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Who "founded" Duty Ethics?
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Immanuel Kant!
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What is Utilitarianism?
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The moral value of action ALWAYS lies in its consequence and NOT its intention or motivation.
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What are the 4 tenets of Utilitarianism?
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1. Consequentialism
2. Maximization 3. Theory of good/value 4. Scope of Mortality |
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In regards to Utilitarianism, what is Consequentialism?
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Consequences matter - not motives or intentions
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In regards to Utilitarianism, what is Maximization?
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The number of people affected matters
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In regards to Utilitarianism, what is the Theory of Good/Value?
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Good consequence is defined by happiness/pleasure or people's preference
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In regards to Utilitarianism, what is the Scope of Mortality?
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Each individual's happiness is to be counted as one and no more (no one person is valued more)
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What are the 4 A's of handling Ethical Dilemmas?
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1. Acquire Facts
2. Alternatives 3. Assessment 4. Action |
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When handling ethical dilemmas, what is the first A: Acquire Facts?
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Get more facts, define ambiguities and clarify uncertainties!
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When handling ethical dilemmas, what is the second A: Alternatives?
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A list of alternate solutions and develop alternate plans
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When handling ethical dilemmas, what is the third A: Assessment?
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1. Assess possible solutions according to standards of virtue, justice, duty and utilitarianism
2. Identify stakeholders and how they will be affected |
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When handling ethical dilemmas, what is the forth A: Action?
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1. Decide on a plan of action
2. Have alternate plans ready 3. Be open to other options 4. Adjust and adapt |
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The framework for gauging the ethical practice of both the individual and an organization consists of what THREE principles?
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1. Competence
2. Responsibility 3. Cicero's Creed II |
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With regards to ethics for engineers, what is competence?
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Engineer is a knowledge expert and should work with other experts to carefully assess the risks/benefits of a technology
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With regards to ethics for engineers, what is Responsibility?
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Recognition that knowledge is power and must be used wisely.
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With regards to ethics for engineers, what is Cicero's Creed II?
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"The safety of the public shall be the highest law."
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