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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
psychology
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the scientific study of behavior and mental processes
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structuralism
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idea that consciousness is made up of basic elements that can be studied and understood
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Wilhelm Wundt
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this man founded psychology and believed that it should be modeled after hard sciences
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functionalism
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this school of thought asserts that the function of consciousness, rather than its structure, is important to its understanding
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William James
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this man believed that consciousness was a continual flow of energy that couldn't be broken down into bits
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psychodynamic approach
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this attempts to explain personality, motivation, and psychiatric illness by exploring unconscious mental processes
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behaviorism
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this asserts that behavior is governed by environmental stimulus
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John B. Watson
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this man believed that consciousness was unobservable and that behavior could be measured objectively
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B.F. Skinner
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this man believed that free will is an illusion and that all behavior is determined by external stimuli
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humanism
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this emphasizes individuality, free will, and positive qualities
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Carl Rogers
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this man believed that behavior is governed by one's self-concept
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Abraham Maslow
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this man believed that all humans have a drive to grow to their full potential, limited by the ability to meet hierarchical needs
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cognitive approach
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this focuses on the mental processes involved in how we direct our attention, perceive, and solve problems
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biological approach
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this views understanding the brain and nervous system as central to understanding behavior, thought, and emotion
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sociocultural approach
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this emphasizes the social and cultural influences on behavior
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hypothesis
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this is a tentative statement about the relationship between two or more variables
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operational definition
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this describes the actions that will be made to measure or control a variable
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theory
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this is a system of interrelated ideas used to explain a set of observations
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experiment
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this is when at least one variable is manipulated by a researcher under controlled conditions, and observations are made to record any corresponding changes in at least one other variable
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independent variable
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this is the variable used to to see the effect it has on the dependent variables
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dependent variable
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the variable the may or may not be affected by the independent variable
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random sampling
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this is where any random member of the population has an equal chance to be selected as a member of a sample
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random assignment
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this is where any member of a sample has an equal chance of being assigned to an experimental or control group
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experimental group
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this group receives some level of the independent variable
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control group
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this group does not receive any level of the independent variable
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central tendency
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this is the idea that a great amount of data lies toward the middle values of a data set
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correlation
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this is when two or more variables are related to each other
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correlation coefficient
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this is the number that falls within the range of -1 to 1
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P-value
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this is the probability that a given result is due to chance
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negative correlation
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this is an inverse relationship
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positive correlation
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this is a positive relationship
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neurons
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these are individual cells that receive, organize, and transmit information
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