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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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According to Frankl, what inner conditions were needed for a prisoner to survive?
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1- Spiritual Faith (trust in something beyond natural perception)
2- Freedom to Choose reactions to circumstances and inner thoughts (aka “spiritual freedom” 3- Finding meaning in suffering through spiritual freedom |
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What, according to Frankl, is the meaning of life?
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- Finding purpose through making, doing, experiencing, encountering, or suffering.
- Having a “will-to-meaning” - Essence of existence |
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Explain the dynamic nature of form in Aristotle’s thought.
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Everything “evolves” on a spectrum from potentiality to matter, to perfect form, actuality.
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Aristotle's 4 Causes
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Final Cause – the programmed goal for matters development
Material Cause – physical characteristics that allow matter to fulfill its destiny Formal Cause – the reason why matter develops in the form and pattern of growth that it does Efficient Cause – catalysts and agents of change |
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According to Aquinas, what is God’s relation to creation?
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Basically, god is the first cause, and god is the answer to why anything is as opposed to there being nothing at all
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a) How did Aquinas make use of, but transform, the philosophy of Plato and
Aristotle? |
How did Aquinas make use of, but transform, the philosophy of Plato and
Aristotle? Plato’s notion of Form is Aristotles notion of Actuality, in both matter wh would find Final Cause through emulating Aquanis’ God |
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What is the basic dualism in Descartes’ world-view?
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Two different aspects of reality, and self-actualization reached through “hyperbolic doubt” :
Mind/Soul – Subjective, the reality of emotions, thought, judgement, doubt, etc Body – Measurable, not subjective, physical, tangible , machine-like, no will pr purpose The interaction of these two aspects is by will of god |
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Descartes quotes
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((Human health is the first good; I think, therefore I am))
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What was the “fruit” Descartes dualism?
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Descartes came to conclude that “mastery” of both is what matters. Between a “valueless” nature with no final causes and individual substances and eternal forms, human control should be sought. Humans are the only existence with true intrinsic value.
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According to Locke, what are the 3 factors in the process of human knowledge?
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- Sense-perception
- Representation - Mind |
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a) How did Aquinas make use of, but transform, the philosophy of Plato and
Aristotle? |
How did Aquinas make use of, but transform, the philosophy of Plato and
Aristotle? Plato’s notion of Form is Aristotles notion of Actuality, in both matter wh would find Final Cause through emulating Aquanis’ God |
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What is the basic dualism in Descartes’ world-view?
|
Two different aspects of reality, and self-actualization reached through “hyperbolic doubt” :
Mind/Soul – Subjective, the reality of emotions, thought, judgement, doubt, etc Body – Measurable, not subjective, physical, tangible , machine-like, no will pr purpose The interaction of these two aspects is by will of god |
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Descartes quotes
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((Human health is the first good; I think, therefore I am))
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What was the “fruit” Descartes dualism?
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Descartes came to conclude that “mastery” of both is what matters. Between a “valueless” nature with no final causes and individual substances and eternal forms, human control should be sought. Humans are the only existence with true intrinsic value.
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According to Locke, what are the 3 factors in the process of human knowledge?
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- Sense-perception
- Representation - Mind |
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a) How did Aquinas make use of, but transform, the philosophy of Plato and
Aristotle? |
How did Aquinas make use of, but transform, the philosophy of Plato and
Aristotle? Plato’s notion of Form is Aristotles notion of Actuality, in both matter wh would find Final Cause through emulating Aquanis’ God |
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What is the basic dualism in Descartes’ world-view?
|
Two different aspects of reality, and self-actualization reached through “hyperbolic doubt” :
Mind/Soul – Subjective, the reality of emotions, thought, judgement, doubt, etc Body – Measurable, not subjective, physical, tangible , machine-like, no will pr purpose The interaction of these two aspects is by will of god |
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Descartes quotes
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((Human health is the first good; I think, therefore I am))
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What was the “fruit” Descartes dualism?
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Descartes came to conclude that “mastery” of both is what matters. Between a “valueless” nature with no final causes and individual substances and eternal forms, human control should be sought. Humans are the only existence with true intrinsic value.
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According to Locke, what are the 3 factors in the process of human knowledge?
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- Sense-perception
- Representation - Mind |
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Locke quotes
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((The mind starts as a blank slate, and knowledge is derived from the senses))
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What is Lockes distinction between primary and secondary qualities?
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Primary – what something really is, facts
Secondary – our projection of ideas of what we think something is, opinion |
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Why did Berkeley believe that the existence of the world outside the mind is an
unwarranted assumption? |
Everything we interpret as being the “real world” is only through our sense-perception, which is subject to bias. We perceive ordinary objects, and we perceive ideas, therefore, ordinary objects are our ideas. “being” is objectionably unavailable
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What was Kant’s “extraordinary solution” to the dichotomy between the claims of
Hume and Newton? |
The crucial question is not how we can bring ourselves to understand the world, but how the world comes to be understood by us. Instead of trying, by reason or experience, to make our concepts match the nature of objects, Kant held, we must allow the structure of our concepts shape our experience of objects.
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Locke quotes
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((The mind starts as a blank slate, and knowledge is derived from the senses))
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Locke quotes
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((The mind starts as a blank slate, and knowledge is derived from the senses))
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Locke quotes
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((The mind starts as a blank slate, and knowledge is derived from the senses))
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Locke quotes
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((The mind starts as a blank slate, and knowledge is derived from the senses))
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What are rationalists and empiricists?
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Rationalists – all things can be understood through reason
Empercists – all knowledge can be found through experience |
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What is Lockes distinction between primary and secondary qualities?
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Primary – what something really is, facts
Secondary – our projection of ideas of what we think something is, opinion |
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What is Lockes distinction between primary and secondary qualities?
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Primary – what something really is, facts
Secondary – our projection of ideas of what we think something is, opinion |
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What is Lockes distinction between primary and secondary qualities?
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Primary – what something really is, facts
Secondary – our projection of ideas of what we think something is, opinion |
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What is Lockes distinction between primary and secondary qualities?
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Primary – what something really is, facts
Secondary – our projection of ideas of what we think something is, opinion |
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Why did Berkeley believe that the existence of the world outside the mind is an
unwarranted assumption? |
Everything we interpret as being the “real world” is only through our sense-perception, which is subject to bias. We perceive ordinary objects, and we perceive ideas, therefore, ordinary objects are our ideas. “being” is objectionably unavailable
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Why did Berkeley believe that the existence of the world outside the mind is an
unwarranted assumption? |
Everything we interpret as being the “real world” is only through our sense-perception, which is subject to bias. We perceive ordinary objects, and we perceive ideas, therefore, ordinary objects are our ideas. “being” is objectionably unavailable
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Why did Berkeley believe that the existence of the world outside the mind is an
unwarranted assumption? |
Everything we interpret as being the “real world” is only through our sense-perception, which is subject to bias. We perceive ordinary objects, and we perceive ideas, therefore, ordinary objects are our ideas. “being” is objectionably unavailable
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Why did Berkeley believe that the existence of the world outside the mind is an
unwarranted assumption? |
Everything we interpret as being the “real world” is only through our sense-perception, which is subject to bias. We perceive ordinary objects, and we perceive ideas, therefore, ordinary objects are our ideas. “being” is objectionably unavailable
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What was Kant’s “extraordinary solution” to the dichotomy between the claims of
Hume and Newton? |
The crucial question is not how we can bring ourselves to understand the world, but how the world comes to be understood by us. Instead of trying, by reason or experience, to make our concepts match the nature of objects, Kant held, we must allow the structure of our concepts shape our experience of objects.
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What was Kant’s “extraordinary solution” to the dichotomy between the claims of
Hume and Newton? |
The crucial question is not how we can bring ourselves to understand the world, but how the world comes to be understood by us. Instead of trying, by reason or experience, to make our concepts match the nature of objects, Kant held, we must allow the structure of our concepts shape our experience of objects.
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What was Kant’s “extraordinary solution” to the dichotomy between the claims of
Hume and Newton? |
The crucial question is not how we can bring ourselves to understand the world, but how the world comes to be understood by us. Instead of trying, by reason or experience, to make our concepts match the nature of objects, Kant held, we must allow the structure of our concepts shape our experience of objects.
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What was Kant’s “extraordinary solution” to the dichotomy between the claims of
Hume and Newton? |
The crucial question is not how we can bring ourselves to understand the world, but how the world comes to be understood by us. Instead of trying, by reason or experience, to make our concepts match the nature of objects, Kant held, we must allow the structure of our concepts shape our experience of objects.
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What are rationalists and empiricists?
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Rationalists – all things can be understood through reason
Empercists – all knowledge can be found through experience |
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What are rationalists and empiricists?
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Rationalists – all things can be understood through reason
Empercists – all knowledge can be found through experience |
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What are rationalists and empiricists?
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Rationalists – all things can be understood through reason
Empercists – all knowledge can be found through experience |
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What are rationalists and empiricists?
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Rationalists – all things can be understood through reason
Empercists – all knowledge can be found through experience |
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What does phenomeana and the numenal mean to Kant?
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Phenomena are the appearances, which constitute the our experience; noumena are the (presumed) things themselves, which constitute reality.
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According to Kant, what are space and time?
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Space is not something objective and real, nor a substance, nor an accident, nor a relation; instead, it is subjective and ideal, and originates from the mind's nature in accord with a stable law as a scheme, as it were, for coordinating everything sensed externally.
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Explain Kant's "judgements"
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A priori judgments are based upon reason alone, independently of all sensory experience, and therefore apply with strict universality. A posteriori judgments, on the other hand, must be grounded upon experience and are consequently limited and uncertain in their application to specific cases. Thus, this distinction also marks the difference traditionally noted in logic between necessary and contingent truths.
Analytic a posteriori judgments cannot arise, since there is never any need to appeal to experience in support of a purely explicative assertion. Synthetic a posteriori judgments are the relatively uncontroversial matters of fact we come to know by means of our sensory experience (though Wolff had tried to derive even these from the principle of contradiction). Analytic a priori judgments, everyone agrees, include all merely logical truths and straightforward matters of definition; they are necessarily true. Synthetic a priori judgments are the crucial case, since only they could provide new information that is necessarily true. But neither Leibniz nor Hume considered the possibility of any such case. |
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Kant quote
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Kant argued that experience is purely subjective without first being processed by pure reason. He also said that using reason without applying it to experience will only lead to theoretical illusions.
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How did Jung continue Kant’s project?
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Kant – we have 4 internal structures (a prioiri) which regulate placing all sensation into a 3-D world
Jung adds “archetypes” which are patterns of reality extended into the inner life They are only understood by the subconscious, but play a role in understanding overall life and reality ((Dark Shadow/Gold Shadow)) |
