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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What theoretical framework has held a central position in the study of International Relations?
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Realism
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What are the founding principals of Realism?
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Power and Dominance
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Is realism optimistic of pessimistic?
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Pessimistic: It assumes that humans in nature are selfish and consumed with obtaining power
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What does realism assume to be the most important actor?
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The state is the most important actor, not the individual or international organization
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Are national security and survival important to realists?
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Yes, they are extremely important to realist
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What is Anarchy in terms of International Relations?
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Anarchy in terms of International Relations means that states exist in an anarchy (i.e. the international system) and there is no world government to prevent clashes
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Who was the Chinese strategist who felt that moral reasoning was not useful to state rulers, instead opting for power to advance interests?
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Sun Tzu
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Who studied the Peloponnesian War?
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Thucydides
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Who felt that not all states are equal in capabilities and choices?
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Thucydides
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Who felt that states should be Politically agile, strong and have rulers who were both cunning and ruthless when necessary?
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Machiavelli
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What does it mean to be politically agile?
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It means that rulers must seek advantages, defend the interests of their state, and ensure the survival of their state
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Who felt that leaders must not wait for things to happen, but anticipate the future and destroy the threat before it destroys you?
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Machiavelli
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Who abandoned the Christian ideals of Love, Peace, Avoiding War and Sharing Wealth
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Machiavelli
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Who wrote Leviathan?
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Hobbes
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Who said that life is nasty, brutish and short?
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Hobbes
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Who feels that mankind is in a permanent state of war
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Hobbes
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Who feels that the creation of the state helps suppress the social ills of mankind?
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Hobbes
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Who feels that it is easer for states to defend themselves than individuals, so there is no need for cooperation?
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Hobbes
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Who feels that people escape from nature for the protection that the state provides?
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Hobbes
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Who feels that the state is organized and prepared for war to ensure domestic peace?
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Hobbes
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Who is considered to be a Neoclassical Realist?
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Hans J. Morgenthau and Schelling
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Who coined the term statecraft?
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Hans J. Morgenthau
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What does Animus Dominandi mean, and who coined the term?
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Animus Dominandi is, a natural human urge to dominate others, and was coined by Hans J. Morgenthau
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Who felt that political conduct is not the same as Christian Conduct?
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Hans J. Morgenthau
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Who practiced Strategic realism
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Shelling
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What is Strategic Realism?
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Strategic Realism focuses centrally on foreign policy decision making process, making power not just a fact of life but a matter of political responsibility
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Who feels that the balance of power is crucial to International Relations, and that Hegemonic states are necessary?
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Schelling
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What is the definition of Statecraft?
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The art of managing state affairs and effectively maneuvering in a world of power politics among sovereign states
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What is the definition of strategy?
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Actors use strategy to pursue good outcomes in bargaining with one or more actors. States deploy power capabilities as leverage to influence each others actions.
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What is the strategy of deterrence?
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The use of a threat to punish another actor if it takes a certain negative action
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What is the Strategy of Compellence?
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used after deterrence has failed. Refers to the use of brute force to make another actor take some action.
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What is the Strategy of Escalation?
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A series of negative sanctions of increasing severity applied in order to induce another actor to take some action
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What is the Strategy of and Arms Race?
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A reciprocal process where two or more states build up military capabilities in response to each other
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What is Neorealism in comparison to Neoclassical Realism?
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Created by Waltz in 1979, it focuses less on statecraft and more on scientific theory
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What type of realism gives no account for human nature and ethics?
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Neorealism
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Who does not provide explicit foreign policy advice like Schelling?
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Waltz
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Who values international order and argues that states act with a concept of national interest?
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Waltz
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Who argues that international change occurs when great powers rise and fall and the balance of power shifts accordingly?
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Waltz
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Who argues that a bi-polar system is more stable than a multi-polar system?
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Waltz
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What is the definition of Power?
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Power is influence as well as the ability to influence other actors
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What is the best form of measuring capability?
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The best form to measure capability is to measure the Gross Domestic Product of a nation
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What is Relative Power?
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Relative power is the ration of power that two states can bring to bear against each other.
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What is the definition the Balance of Power?
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It refers to the concept of one or more states power being used to balance that of another states or alliances.
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What is the definition of a Security Dilemma?
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A situation in which states' actions taken to ensure their own security threatens the security of other states.
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Which three powers are predicted to create a tri-polar system in the future?
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North America, Europe, and East Asia
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What is the Hegemonic Stability Theory
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Holds that hegemony provides some order similar to a central government in the international system: reducing anarchy (ability to enforce rules) and deterring aggression, promoting free trade and providing a hard currency that can used as a world standard.
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What is the Power Transition Theory?
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The largest wars result from challenges to the top position status in the hierarchy, when a rising power is surpassing or threatening to surpass the most powerful state. As well, Peace among great powers results when one state is clearly firm in the top position.
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What is the definition of an Alliance?
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An alliance is a coalition of states that coordinate their actions to accomplish some end.
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What is the definition of a coalition?
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A short term arrangements for a specific event.
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Who believes that the structure of the system changes with the change of distribution of capabilities
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John J. Mearsheimer
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