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50 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What theoretical framework has held a central position in the study of International Relations?
Realism
What are the founding principals of Realism?
Power and Dominance
Is realism optimistic of pessimistic?
Pessimistic: It assumes that humans in nature are selfish and consumed with obtaining power
What does realism assume to be the most important actor?
The state is the most important actor, not the individual or international organization
Are national security and survival important to realists?
Yes, they are extremely important to realist
What is Anarchy in terms of International Relations?
Anarchy in terms of International Relations means that states exist in an anarchy (i.e. the international system) and there is no world government to prevent clashes
Who was the Chinese strategist who felt that moral reasoning was not useful to state rulers, instead opting for power to advance interests?
Sun Tzu
Who studied the Peloponnesian War?
Thucydides
Who felt that not all states are equal in capabilities and choices?
Thucydides
Who felt that states should be Politically agile, strong and have rulers who were both cunning and ruthless when necessary?
Machiavelli
What does it mean to be politically agile?
It means that rulers must seek advantages, defend the interests of their state, and ensure the survival of their state
Who felt that leaders must not wait for things to happen, but anticipate the future and destroy the threat before it destroys you?
Machiavelli
Who abandoned the Christian ideals of Love, Peace, Avoiding War and Sharing Wealth
Machiavelli
Who wrote Leviathan?
Hobbes
Who said that life is nasty, brutish and short?
Hobbes
Who feels that mankind is in a permanent state of war
Hobbes
Who feels that the creation of the state helps suppress the social ills of mankind?
Hobbes
Who feels that it is easer for states to defend themselves than individuals, so there is no need for cooperation?
Hobbes
Who feels that people escape from nature for the protection that the state provides?
Hobbes
Who feels that the state is organized and prepared for war to ensure domestic peace?
Hobbes
Who is considered to be a Neoclassical Realist?
Hans J. Morgenthau and Schelling
Who coined the term statecraft?
Hans J. Morgenthau
What does Animus Dominandi mean, and who coined the term?
Animus Dominandi is, a natural human urge to dominate others, and was coined by Hans J. Morgenthau
Who felt that political conduct is not the same as Christian Conduct?
Hans J. Morgenthau
Who practiced Strategic realism
Shelling
What is Strategic Realism?
Strategic Realism focuses centrally on foreign policy decision making process, making power not just a fact of life but a matter of political responsibility
Who feels that the balance of power is crucial to International Relations, and that Hegemonic states are necessary?
Schelling
What is the definition of Statecraft?
The art of managing state affairs and effectively maneuvering in a world of power politics among sovereign states
What is the definition of strategy?
Actors use strategy to pursue good outcomes in bargaining with one or more actors. States deploy power capabilities as leverage to influence each others actions.
What is the strategy of deterrence?
The use of a threat to punish another actor if it takes a certain negative action
What is the Strategy of Compellence?
used after deterrence has failed. Refers to the use of brute force to make another actor take some action.
What is the Strategy of Escalation?
A series of negative sanctions of increasing severity applied in order to induce another actor to take some action
What is the Strategy of and Arms Race?
A reciprocal process where two or more states build up military capabilities in response to each other
What is Neorealism in comparison to Neoclassical Realism?
Created by Waltz in 1979, it focuses less on statecraft and more on scientific theory
What type of realism gives no account for human nature and ethics?
Neorealism
Who does not provide explicit foreign policy advice like Schelling?
Waltz
Who values international order and argues that states act with a concept of national interest?
Waltz
Who argues that international change occurs when great powers rise and fall and the balance of power shifts accordingly?
Waltz
Who argues that a bi-polar system is more stable than a multi-polar system?
Waltz
What is the definition of Power?
Power is influence as well as the ability to influence other actors
What is the best form of measuring capability?
The best form to measure capability is to measure the Gross Domestic Product of a nation
What is Relative Power?
Relative power is the ration of power that two states can bring to bear against each other.
What is the definition the Balance of Power?
It refers to the concept of one or more states power being used to balance that of another states or alliances.
What is the definition of a Security Dilemma?
A situation in which states' actions taken to ensure their own security threatens the security of other states.
Which three powers are predicted to create a tri-polar system in the future?
North America, Europe, and East Asia
What is the Hegemonic Stability Theory
Holds that hegemony provides some order similar to a central government in the international system: reducing anarchy (ability to enforce rules) and deterring aggression, promoting free trade and providing a hard currency that can used as a world standard.
What is the Power Transition Theory?
The largest wars result from challenges to the top position status in the hierarchy, when a rising power is surpassing or threatening to surpass the most powerful state. As well, Peace among great powers results when one state is clearly firm in the top position.
What is the definition of an Alliance?
An alliance is a coalition of states that coordinate their actions to accomplish some end.
What is the definition of a coalition?
A short term arrangements for a specific event.
Who believes that the structure of the system changes with the change of distribution of capabilities
John J. Mearsheimer