Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Epidemiology |
>35 million living 2/ HIV; higher than before. Decrease in # of deaths per year from 2005 Increasing prevalence in SA Women have HIGHER prevalence w/ 1/3 pregnant women infected |
|
Risk for Transmission |
Paid sex, unprotected sex Substance abuse Sex that may cause trauma (anal) Sources of exposure: blood, semen, vag secretion, breast milk |
|
Biomedical HIV Prevention Interventions |
Male circumcision (65%) Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (70%) Prevent mother to child transmission (1-35%) Condoms (90%) Treatment of STI's (40%) HIV vaccine (promising evidence in Thailand) Microbicides & cervical barriers (30%) |
|
ARV Successes |
19% decline in deaths from HIV Incidence falling in countries Global instability spurred western world to help AIDS peidemic |
|
Leading Causes of Infectious Disease |
1. Acute respiratory infection 2. AIDS 3. Diarrheal 4. TB 5. Malaria |
|
Major route of transmission in SA |
Maritial sex! |
|
Vienna Declaration |
scientific statement calling for incorporation of scientific evidence into illicit drug policies to improve community health & safety |
|
HPV Vaccine in Men |
Effective in decreasing risk of other genital problems (HIV transmission, cancer, etc) |
|
Millenium Development Goals |
Eradicate, achieve, promote, reduce, etc. NOT mutually exclusive |
|
Symptoms of HIV |
Acute infections: fever, fatigue, pharyryltis
|
|
History of AIDS |
Incidence & mortality rate DECLINING but prevalence is INCREASING. Incidence = function of behavior change, primary prevention. Mortality = function of retroviral drug More rapid decline in mortality than incidence |
|
Risk Groups |
Gay white male = most prevalent (most new infections) Now AA women at highest risk (heterosexual)
Black gay at more risk than white gay. Same number of both with HIV, BUT there are more white gay than black gay. |
|
Incidence |
Males infected by other males the most Females infected by heterosexual contact
Women more at risk b/c vagina can get bruised and has greater surface area during sex. |
|
Post-Exposure Prophylaxis |
Pros: good for high risk, may prevent primary infection
Cons: false security, risk assessments problematic, unfavorable risk-benefit ratio, needs to be given quickly, appropriate for certain occupational settings only.
COMMON PROBLEM IS NOT THAT IT MUST BE GIVEN 72 HRS POST EXPOSURE |
|
AIDS & Age |
AIDS has decreased expected amount of people living in all age groups. |
|
General trends |
Condom promotion reduces HIV & STIs Sex education reduces HIV prevalence |
|
Barriers to Vaccine Development |
Sequence variation Lack of adequate animal model to study effect Latency & integration of HIV into host genome Transmission by cell-associated virus Limited knowledge Financial support Ethical issues |
|
# of people infected/dying |
# of people infected increased from '90s # of people dying decreased from 2000's |
|
Risk of Vertical & Horizontal Transmission |
NOT threatening cumulative number of children estimated to have been orphaned by AIDS |
|
Vertical Transmission |
Placental exchange & breast milk |
|
Highest risk of HIV transmission |
Deep injury & exposure to the source |
|
Acute Febrile Syndrome w/ high level viremia |
Developed by 30-50% of those infected |
|
Ebola v AIDS |
Ebola CANNOT kill more people than AIDS virus over a period of time. |