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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Key rules to emails |
Include a clear, direct subject line -Use a professional email address -Use professional salutations -Do not come across as soundingabrupt -Know that people from differentcultures speak and write differently -Be cautious with humour -Reply to your emails, even if theemail wasn’t intended for you -Proofread every message |
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Phone Etiquette Rules |
-Announce your name when answering your phone -Be aware of your speaking volume -Don’t answer your phone when you’re meeting with someone -Don’t put your phone on the table when meeting others -Respect quiet zones -Chose a normal ring -Let the other person know when you have them on speaker -Don’tleave long voicemails |
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Meeting Etiquette Rules: |
-Come prepared -Have a strong agenda -Speak up-Speak early -Do not have your phone out -You can drink coffee orwater, but avoid eating anything else -Don’t save all your questionsuntil the end |
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Rules for Dining Fancy: |
-Don’t put your cell phone,keys or purse on the table -Do let your guest order first -Do set up payment ahead oftime if you’re the host-Don’t return the wine -Do know where to place yournapkin -Do send back food that is notcooked properly -Do order the same number ofcourses as your companion -Don’t place your utensils onthe side of your plate when you’re done eating; place the knife and forktogether at the 10:20 positionTable manners: -Wipe your fingers and mouthafter with your napkin -Cut one piece of meat or fishat a time and eat it before cutting the next one -Butter bread on your plate,never midair -Look into (not over) the cupof glass, when drinking -Sit up straight, and keepyour arms (including elbows) off the table |
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Lunch Etiquette: |
-R.S.V.P.-Don’t overeat -Try new food, you might likeit -“BMW” Bread-Meal-Water |
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Culture |
is a part of the external influences that impactthe consumer. That is, culture represents influences that are imposed on theconsumer by other individuals. |
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Knowledgeand beliefs are important parts ofculture |
In the U.S. and Canada, we know and believe thata person who is skilled and works hard will get ahead. In other countries, itmay be believed that differences in outcome result more from luck. “Chunking” is the name for China in Chinese, meaning “The MiddleKingdom.” |
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Characteristics of Cultures |
1. Cultureis comprehensive.This means that all parts must fit together in some logical fashion. Ex: bowingand a strong desire to avoid the loss of face are unified in theirmanifestation of the importance of respect. 2. Culture is learned rather than being something we are born with. 3. Cultureis manifested within boundaries of acceptable behaviour. 4. Conscious awareness of culturalstandards is limited. OneAmerican spy was intercepted by the German during the WWII simply because ofthe way he held his knife and fork while eating. 5. Cultures fall somewhere on a continuumbetween statistic and dynamic spending on how quickly they accept change.For example, Canadian culture has changed a great deal since the 1950’s, whileculture in Saudi Arabia has changed much less. |
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Warning about stereotyping |
whenobserving a culture, one must be careful not to over-generalize about traitsthat one sees. Research in social psychology has suggested a strong tendencyfor people to perceive an “out group” as more homogenous than an “in group”even when they knew what members had been assigned to each group by chance.When there is often a “grain of truth” to some of the perceived differences, thetemptation to over-generalize is often strong. Note that there are oftensignificant individual differences within cultures |
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Cultural lessons: |
we considered several cultural lessons in class;the important thing here is the big picture. For example, within the Muslimtradition the dog is considered “dirty” animals so portraying it as “a man’sbest friend” is an advertisement is counterproductive packaging is considerablymore important in Asia than U.S. |
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Individualism V.s. Collectivism |
: to what extent do people believe in individualresponsibility and reward rather than having these measures aimed at the largergroup? Contrary to the stereotype, Japan actually ranks in the middle of thisdimension, while Indonesia and West Africa rank toward the collective side. TheU.S., Britain, and the Netherlands rate toward individualism. |
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Power Distance |
to what extent is there a strong separation ofindividuals based on rank? Power distance tents to be particularly high in Arabcountries and some Latin American ones, while it is more modest in NorthernEurope and the U.S. |
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Masculinity vs feminine |
masculine”values involve competition and conquering nature by means such as largeconstruction projects. “Feminine” values involve harmony and environmentalprotection. |
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Uncertainty avoidance |
involves the extent to which “structured”situation with clear rules preferred to a more ambiguous one; in general,countries with lower uncertainty avoidance tent to be more tolerant of risk.Japan ranks very high. |
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Long term vs short term |
meanshow quickly one culture expects corporate results verses another culture. |
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High Context Vs. Low Context |
: Insome cultures what you see is what you get the speaker is expected to make hisor her point clear and limit ambiguity. This is the case in the US if you havesomething on your mind you are expected to say directly subject to somereasonable standards of diplomacy. In Japan in contrast facial expressions andwhat is not said maybe an important includes understanding of a speakersmeaning. So she may be very difficult for Japanese speakers to understandanother's written communication. The nature of languages may exacerbate thisphenomenon while the German language is very precise Chinese like manygrammatical features and the meaning of words may be somewhat less precise.English ranks somewhere in the middle of this continuum. |
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Ethnocentrism and the self-reference criterion. |
Theself-reference criterion refers to the tendency of individuals oftenunconsciously to the standards of one's own culture to evaluate other's. |
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Idioms |
Idiomsinvolve figures of speech that may not be used literally translated in otherlanguages. For example baseball is not predominantly North American and SouthAmerican sport so the notion of in the ballpark makes sense here but the termdoes not carry the same meaning in cultures where the sport is less popular. |
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Neologisms |
: Nojust games involve charms that have come into language relatively recently astechnology or society involved. What's a proliferation of computer technology,for example, the idea of an add-on became widely known. It may take longer forsuch terms to diffuse into other regions of the world. In parts of the worldwar English and is heavily studies in schools, The emphasis is often on grammarin traditional language rather than on current terminology, so nail designshave a wide potential not to be understood. |
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Multiple Translators |
Thetext is first translated by one translator safe from German to MandarinChinese. A second translator who does not know what the original German textsaid, well then translate back to German from Mandarin Chinese translation. |
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Monochronic |
cultures tend to value for scheduling and doing one thing at a time |
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Polychronic |
culturesin contrast, Promptness is value less, and multiple tasks maybe performsimultaneously. |
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What is a Culture |
a system of learned, shared, unifying andinterrelated beliefs, values, and assumptions. |
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Beliefs |
are statements about the nature of a person,thing, or concept |
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Values: |
the positive and negative ideals, customs, andinstitutions of a group. |
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Assumptions: |
the statements that are taken for granted asfact. |
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Cultural Baggage |
the idea that you carry your beliefs, values,and assumptions with you at all times. Your cultural baggage influences how yourespond to others. |
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Most Useful Language |
Japanese |
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Handshakes in Brazil |
Greetings: Brazilians are regarded the worldaround for their warmth and friendliness, something that is also evident in thecountry’s business culture. Brazilians often stand close when talking and it iscommon for them to touch the person on the shoulder. Meetings: Brazilians aresocial, preferring face-to-face communication. |
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In the UK... |
Greetings:British people conduct themselves in a polite and reserved manner in business.People are mindful of personal space and do not stand or speak too close. Theyalso greet each other with more firm handshakes, but they should be lighterthan the more expected when doing business in the US. |
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In the US... |
Americansare very conscious about personal space and tend to give more than in Europeanor Latin countries. |
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In Singapore... |
Singaporehas a sizeable Muslim population, so be careful not to use your left hand topass anything at the table or to eat, even if you are left handed. |
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In the UAE... |
Formore companies, the official work week runs Sunday to Thursday to avoid workingof Friday the Muslim holy day. |
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In Switzerland… |
Meals:the Swiss are protective of their personal time outside of working hours, soyou will likely be invited to lunch instead of dinner for a business meal. |
