Intercultural Comm: (Chapter 5)

Front 1

Language:

Back 1

Codes &meanings “… are learned by cultural affiliation.”

Meanings given to symbols based on individual

Front 2

Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis

Back 2

Only by language (grammar, syntax, vocab) can we produce thought. Thus varieties in language and culture produce variations in thought and perceptions...therefore we contend with "linguistic relativity"

Front 3

Qualitative methods to study language:

Back 3

discourse analysis;
rhetorical analysis;
pragmatics: (based upon Speech Act Theory)

ethnography:

Front 4

Mary Fong:

Back 4

on nexus of language, communication and culture;

She said Sapir-Worf Hypothesis is essential role of language in thought;

Rise of concept of linguistic relativity;

Front 5

Carolyn Roy on Mexican language usage;

Back 5

cultural identity hidden behind verbal mask;

sayings,
proverbs,
endearments,
double meanings;

Front 6

Sample values of Mexican temperament;

Back 6

traditional gender roles: machismo & marianismo;

communalism;

family;

trust,
importance of appearances;
respect for privacy;

Front 7

Israel-Palestine:

Back 7

historical conflict;

Front 8

Recognize contrasting speech codes;

In Israel Palestine

Back 8

Code of musayra: “to accomodate”

Code of dugri: as “straight talk”

Front 9

Aaron Cargile

Back 9

natural biases in speaking;

Front 10

Prejudiced perceptions of language differences:

Back 10

Language can indicate personality, age, situation, fluency;

We assess character by their apparent usage; judge sound;

We respond to similarity; (and fear difference?)

Accents: prejudge by sound: region, education, and class status;

Speech Styles: bias in choice of words or grammatical phrase;

Speech Rates: varying number of words or syllables per minute;

Front 11

Nonverbal communication codes

Back 11

unconscious with ambiguity;

Front 12

8 channels of nonverbal

Back 12

1. Physical appearance (attire, hair, make-up and clothing);

2. Proxemics (space and distance);

3. Chronemics (time and duration);

4. Kinesics (facial expression, movements, gestures);

5. Haptics (touch);

6. Oculesics (eye contact and gaze);

7. Vocalics (paralanguage);

8. Olfactics (smell).

Front 13

High vs low context culture

Back 13

HIGH: Non verbals / Status

Low: Language / Rules spelled out

HIGH: Japan

US = LOW

Front 14

High VS Low contact culture;

Back 14

High: Japan

Low: Canada

Front 15

Masculinist vs Feminist

Back 15

US v Sweden

Front 16

McDaniel on Japanese business culture:

Back 16

Highly masculinist business culture;

Front 17

Enkai culture:

Back 17

post-work drinking party;