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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Perception |
Process of experiencing the world & making sense out of what you experience |
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Interpersonal Perception |
Process of selecting, organizing, & interpreting your observations of other people |
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Passive Perception |
Perception that occurs without conscious effort, simply in response to one's surroundings |
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Active Perception |
Perception that occurs because you seek out specific information through intentional observation & questioning |
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Selective Perception |
Process of seeing, hearing, or making sense of the world around us based on such factors as our personality, beliefs, attitudes, hopes, fears, & culture, as well as what we like & don't like |
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Selective Attention |
Process of focusing on specific stimuli, locking on to some things in the environment & ignoring others |
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Selective Exposure |
Tendency to put ourselves in situations that reinforce our attitudes, beliefs, values, or behaviors |
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Selective Recall |
Process that occurs when we remember things we want to remember & forget/repress things that are unpleasant, uncomfortable, or unimportant to us |
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Thin Slicing |
Observing a small sample of someone's behavior & then making a generalization about what the person is like, based on the sample |
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Cognitive Schema |
A mental framework used to organize & categorize human experiences |
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Superimpose |
To place a familiar structure on information you select |
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Punctuation |
Process of making sense out of stimuli by grouping, dividing, organizing, separating, & categorizing information |
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Closure |
Process of filling in missing information or gaps in what we perceive |
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Impressions |
Collection of perceptions about others that you maintain & use to interpret their behaviors |
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Impression Formation Theory |
Theory that explains how you develop perceptions about people & how you maintain/use those perceptions to interpret their behaviors |
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Implicit Personality Theory |
Your unique set of beliefs & hypotheses about what people are like |
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Construct |
Bipolar quality or continuum used to classify people |
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Uncertainty Reduction Theory |
Theory that claims people seek information in order to reduce uncertainty, thus achieving control & predictability |
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Primacy Effect |
Tendency to attend to the first pieces of information observed about another person in order to form an impression |
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Predicted Outcome Value Theory (POV) |
People predict the future of a relationship based on how they size up someone during their first interaction |
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Recency Effect |
Tendency to attend to the most recent information observed about another person in order to form or modify an impression |
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Halo Effect |
Attributing a variety of positive qualities to those you like |
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Horn Effect |
Attributing a variety of negative qualities to those you dislike |
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Attribution Theory |
Theory that explains how you generate explanations for people's behaviors |
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Causal Attribution Theory |
Theory of attribution that identifies the cause of a person's actions as circumstance, a stimulus, or the person himself/herself |
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Standpoint Theory |
Theory that a person's social position, power, or cultural background influences how the person perceives the behaviors of others |
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Culture |
Learned system of knowledge, behavior, attitudes, beliefs, values, & norms shared by a group of people |
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Stereotype |
To place a person/group of persons into an inflexible, all-encompassing category |
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Social Identity Model of Deindividuation Effects (SIDE) |
Theory that people are more likely to stereotype others with whom they interact online, because such interactions provide fewer relationship cues & the cues take longer to emerge than they would in face-to-face interactions |
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Fundamental Attribution Error |
Error that arises from attributing another person's behavior to internal, controllable causes rather than to external, uncontrollable causes |
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Self-Serving Bias |
Tendency to perceive our own behavior as more positive than others' behavior |
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Mindful |
Being conscious of what you are doing, thinking, & sensing at any given moment |
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Indirect Perception Checking |
Seeking through passive perception, such as observing & listening, additional information to confirm or refute interpretations you are making |
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Direct Perception Checking |
Asking for confirmation from the observed person of an interpretation or perception about him/her |
