Instrument Flight Rules - Instrument Approaches

Front 1

What are the Vat speeds that define a category B aircraft?

Back 1

91kts-120kts

Front 2

For a Category B aircraft, what are the range of speeds for initial and intermediate approach?

Back 2

120kts - 180kts
(140kts for reversal procedures)

Front 3

For a Category B aircraft, what are the range of final approach speeds?

Back 3

85kts - 130kts

Front 4

For a Category B aircraft, what is the maximum speed for circling?

Back 4

135kts

Front 5

For a Category B aircraft, what is the maximum speed for a missed approach?

Back 5

150kts

Front 6

What must you do if you are using area QNH when doing an instrument approach?

Back 6

Add 500ft to the published minimum altitude.

Front 7

On approach charts what symbols are used to indicate the initial approach fix and the final approach fix?

Back 7

Triangle - Initial Approach Fix
Maltese Cross - Final Approach Fix

Front 8

What rules apply to circling?

Back 8

1. Maintain 300ft obstacle clearance.
2. Remain within the circling area
3. Maintains visibility specified for circling along the intended flight path.
4. Runway environment (lights, or other markings) are kept in sight.
5. By night, may not descend below MDA until intercepting the normal descent profile.

Front 9

When do the no-circling areas apply?

Back 9

By day in less than VMC and by night.

Front 10

When may you commence a visual approach by day?

Back 10

1. Within 30 nm of destination.
2. Clear of cloud and in sight or ground or water.
3. Visibility not less than 5000m.
4. Comply with VFR height restrictions (500ft AGL or 1000ft AGL over built up areas).

Front 11

When may you commence a visual approach by night?

Back 11

1. Clear of cloud and within sight of ground or water.
2. Visibility not less than 5000m.
3. Within the circling area; or within 5nm if established on VASIS; or within 7nm if established on VASIS at aerodrome with ILS; or within 10nm (14nm if Sydney 16L and 34L) if established on ILS.

Front 12

What rules apply to a straight in approach?

Back 12

Circuit direction has been established in advance.
Announce intentions at 10nm, 3nm and 1nm.
Give way to all aircraft operating in circuit.

Front 13

What are the pilot responsibilities during a visual approach in CTA (day and night)?

Back 13

Maintain authorised track until within 5nm (or circling area if at night).
Remain not less than 500ft above CTA lower limit (or LSALT or MSA if higher if at night).

Front 14

If you have obtained actual QNH through an approved source, what concession do you gain?

Back 14

Reduce MDA by 100ft (only if shaded).

Front 15

Describe the sectors of a holding pattern.

Back 15

Draw a line 70 degrees from the inbound track to the aid. From that line down to the outbound track is sector 1 (110 degrees). From the outbound track down to the line is sector 2 (70 degrees). From the line of one side of the holding pattern to the other is sector 3 (180 degrees)

Front 16

What determines which sector entry you will do?

Back 16

Aircraft heading. When within 5 degrees of two sectors, may choose which one to do.
Within 30 degrees either side of inbound holding track or intermediate approach track, may commence the approach immediately without doing a sector entry.

Front 17

Describe a sector 1 entry.

Back 17

Fly over the fix.
Turn onto outbound heading for specified time.
Make turn into the holding pattern to intercept inbound track before crossing the aid again.

Front 18

Describe a sector 2 entry.

Back 18

Fly over the fix.
Turn onto a track of 30 degrees from the reciprocal of the inbound heading for specified time.
Then turn in direction of the holding pattern to intercept inbound track of holding pattern.

Front 19

Describe a sector 3 entry.

Back 19

Overfly the aid and turn onto a heading to track outbound for specified time.

Front 20

What are the airspeed limitations on holding patterns?

Back 20

Up to and including FL140: 230kts (or 170kts for patterns limited to Cat A and B).
Above FL140: 240kts.
Above FL200: 265kts

Front 21

What timing and bank angle limits are place on holding patterns?

Back 21

Outbound leg shall be no longer than 1 minute (up to FL140) or 1.5 minutes (above FL140).
Bank angle to be 25 degrees or rate one, whichever is the lesser.

Front 22

When may you use GPS as a tracking aid?

Back 22

If you have a logbook endorsement, navigating above LSALT/MSA.
Below LSALT/MSA only during a non-precision approach.

Front 23

What is RAIM?

Back 23

Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring

Front 24

If you receive a RAIM warning during an approach, what must you do?

Back 24

Carry out a missed approach procedure and try another approach.

Front 25

At what point is manoeuvring within a sector on a GPS/DME arrival procedure prohibited?

Back 25

During the final approach segment.

Front 26

What restrictions apply to the conduct of a GPS Arrival?

Back 26

1. Database medium must be current.
2. Coordinates of destination VOR or NDB must not be capable of modification by operator or crew.
3. RAIM must be available before descending below LSALT/MSA.
4. VOR or NDB must be used to provide track guidance during the procedure.
5. If VOR/NDB and GPS show significant disparity, must discontinue the arrival procedure. (i.e. 6.9 degrees for NDB or 5.2 degrees for VOR).
6. If any doubt as to validity of GPS information, must discontinue the approach.

Front 27

When must you conduct a missed approach?

Back 27

1. During final segment of approach, aircraft not maintained within navigational tolerances for aid in use.
2. Below MSA, performance of radio aid becomes suspect or radio aid fails.
3. Visual reference not established by missed approach point or decision altitude.
4. A landing straight ahead cannot be effected from straight in approach (unless conditions ok for circling).
5. Visual reference is lost while circling to land.

Front 28

What obstacle clearance is provided by missed approach procedures and at what gradient?

Back 28

100ft. 2.5%

Front 29

What adjustments must be made to a decision altitude?

Back 29

Pressure Error Correction or add 50ft.

Front 30

When may you use 0.8km minimum visibility for an ILS approach?

Back 30

1. HIAL is available; and
2. Aircraft flown manually for entire approach using flight director or is flown with autopilot coupled to Localiser and Glide Path; and
3. Aircraft equipped with serviceable failure warning system for primary attitude and heading reference systems; and
4. HIRL is available.

Front 31

What is the minimum visibility for an ILS if HIALs not available?

Back 31

1.5km

Front 32

What is the minimum visibility for an ILS if you cannot meet the three conditions for 0.8km vis?

Back 32

1.2km

Front 33

When do you need to increase required visibility for a non-precision approach?

Back 33

If HIAL is installed but not serviceable, add 0.9km to minimum visibility.