Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
pneumonic to remember order of classes for living things
|
Keep Putting Coffee On For Good Students
|
|
what type of symmetry do athropods have?
|
bilateral- body can be divided in 2 identical halves
|
|
what kind of circulatory system do insects have?
|
open: no veins/arteries, blood washes over organs
|
|
what do insects have like our spinal cord?
|
ventral nerve cord
|
|
what do insects have instead of a brain like humans?
|
Ganglia: little groups of nerves segmentally arranged insead of in 1 large mass like our brain
|
|
what type of respiratory system do insects have? how does air enter?
|
tracheal respiratory system- tubes (trachaea) carry oxygen as gas in air to tissues where it's needed
-air enters thru SPIRACLES (holes) in body |
|
subphylum crustacea- live where mostly? special char.?
|
live mostly in water, but a few on land, most have gills
|
|
order Decapoda- what are they?
|
lobsters, crabs, crayfish, shrimp
|
|
Isopoda- what are they? feed on what? special char.?
|
Pill bugs/ slow bugs- feed on detritus, some roll into ball
*among few land crustaceans |
|
subphylum Chilicerata- what are they?
|
spiders, ticks, mites, scorpions, etc.
|
|
Arachnids- what are fangs called? how do they digest?
|
hold prey with Chelicerae (fangs) and pour enzyme rich saliva to digest externally
|
|
what is a stabilimentum?
|
white zig-zag in web- many reasons like stability, camouflage, bird warning, etc.
|
|
black widows- how aggressive? males vs. females? are bites painful?
|
-not very aggressive
-F lg w/ red hourglass, M small w/ yellow/orange hourglass -bites immediately painful-->very poisonous neurotoxin |
|
brown recluse- nickname? appearance? how aggressive? are bites painful and what is in them?
|
-"fiddle back" bc of shape
-tan w/ long legs and 3 pairs of eyes not 4 -like to hide but very aggressive -bites not painful right away -bites contain neurotoxin and necrotoxin (rots flesh, open sore for months, often needs surgery) |
|
arachnidia: narrow pinchers vs. broad pinchers
|
narrow: poisonous to us
broad: not |
|
Order Acari- what are they? how many body regions? how big?
|
mites, etc.
1 body region very small |
|
chiggers- what are they actually? how do they attatch? what do they do to eat?
|
-immature harvest mites
-attach to skin w/ 2 claws -2 blade-like beaks enter skin and inject fluid dissolves skin to form a stylostome (that's what itches) |
|
ticks- how many body segements? legs young vs adult? how does it eat?
|
-2 body segments, 6 legs young & 8 legs adult
-completely embeds head, buries barbed mouth (hypostome) in flesh and secretes anticoagulants |
|
order opioliones- what are they? do they have segmented abdomens?
|
daddy long legs
no segments in abdomen |
|
subphylum Atelocerata- what are they?
|
insects!
|
|
millipedes- how many legs per segment? dangerous? eat what?
|
-2 leg pairs per segment, harmless, eat detritus
|
|
centipededs- how many legs per segment? dangerous? color?
|
-1 leg pair per segment
-dangerous: poison claws feel like bee sting -shiny reddish brown |
|
class hexopoda- insects: what fraction of all animal species and what fraction of all living things? what do most insects share in common?
|
-3/4 of all animal species (750,000 species) and HALF of all living things
-all have head, thorax, abdomen -all have 3 pair legs with 1 pair on each thorax segment -most have 2 pairs of wings |
|
molting: what part of skin sheds? what triggers shedding? what is exoskeleton made of?
|
epicuticle and exocuticle
-controlled by indocrine system, gut receptors indicate stretching and brain cells screte hormones -chitin (similar to cellulose/fiber glass) |
|
how do insects hear? how do they feel and smell?
|
-hear w/ membranes stretched like drums
-feel and smell w/ hairs |
|
are insects susceptible to water loss? how do they combat it?
|
-yes, very, b/c of their small size
-catch water from air on abdomen, excrete uric acid as a solid, make metabolic water, and heavy wax layers on plates keep water form evap. |
|
diapause vs. quiescence
|
-diapause: suspended development occuring bc of change in photoperiod; genetically programmed and irreversible once started; does not start immediately bc of envt
-quiescence: period of inactivity in direct response to env'tal conditions, reversible once started |
|
what is parthenogenesis? what about viviparious reproduction? oviviparious reproduction?
|
-asexual reproduction (like cloning)
-vivi: live young (flies) -ovivi: eggs (aphids) |
|
how does short generation time help insects thrive?
|
rapid production allows for genetic adaptations to env'tal changes (i.e. resistance to insecticides)
|
|
what always happens right when insects hatch from egg?
|
ALWAYS begin eating
|
|
No metamorphosis: what are the only changes to take place? what is a char. of all of them?
|
-only body proportion and reproductive organs change
-ALL are wingless -food source stays same -ex) silverfish & firebrats |
|
incomplete metamorphosis: how does appearance change? what are immatures called? does food source/habitat change?
|
-gradual change in appearance w/ wings developing slowly
-immatures: nymphs -havitat & food source stay same |
|
3 stages of complete metamorphosis:
|
1)larva
2)pupa 3) insect |
|
order coleoptera: what are they? how abundant? special char? antannae? fly often? what do they eat? what are larvae called?
|
-beetles
-lgest order of insects -1st pair of wings hard and armor like (elytra) -many types of antennae -do not fly often -predators, scavengers, or plant feeders-> well developed mandibles -larvae called grubs |
|
order diptera: what are they? what's special about the wings? what types of mouthparts? how good are eyes? what does 2nd wing pair do?
|
-true flies (flies, mosquitoes, gnats)
-ONE pair of wings -piercing/sucking mouthparts -good compound eyes -2nd wing pair modified into halteres which are used to balance |
|
order lepidoptera: what are they? what are the wings like? antannea?
|
-butterflies & moths
-two joined pairs of wings with scales that are modified hairs (setae)- irridescent, ultraviolet, can rub off -antennae are knobbed |
|
diff b/w moth pupal stage and butterflies
|
-butterflies: smooth, brighty colored chrysalis, hangs upside down
-moths: open cocoon using plant parts, can see body, brownish, often silk cocoon |
|
order hymenoptera: what are they? what are adults like? what is their waist like? eyes? mouthparts? stingers?
|
-bees, wasps, ants
-adults are hard-bodied and active -thread-waisted -very well developed compound eyes -chewing or lapping/sucking mouths -most have stingers |
|
bees vs wasps stingers
|
-bees: barbed stinger, tears out of body & continues to pump poison
-wasps: no barbs, can sting again |
|
order Hemiptera: what are they? wings? mouthparts? what's on back? antennae? odors?
|
-TRUE BUGS
-1st pair of wings leathery at base & membranous at tip, 2nd pair membranous, both fold over back flat -sucking mouthparts that form a BEAK -triangle shield on back -antennae much longer than head -produce odor to repel enemies |
|
order homopteria: what are they? wings and mouthparts? what do they eat?
|
-"hoppers" like aphids & scale insects
-leathery front wings and a beak -eat plants |
|
what is unique about scale insects? where do they live? what do they make?
|
-don't have insect appearance: no legs, wings, body regions
-just stay in 1 place and suck plant juices -secretion used to make dyes & shellac varnishes -produce substance that covers them up |
|
order orthoptera: what are they? wings? legs? eyes? mandibles?
|
-grasshoppers, crickets, katydids
-2 pairs of wings folded flat on back -powerful hind legs, lg compound eyes, large mandibles |
|
order odonata: what are they? wings? abdoment? antennae? immatures live where? what do they eat?
|
-dragonflies
-veiny wings held out from body -long slender abdomen -short, bristle-like antennae -immatures are aquatic -are predators |
|
order blattaria: what are they? wings? legs? antennae? mouthparts?
|
-cockroaches
-thick leathery front wings -long antennae -chewing mouthparts |
|
order Isoptera: what are they? wings? waist? antennae? classes of caste? how do they digest their food?
|
-equally sized wings
-wide-waisted -no elbows on antennae -queen & king, workers, soldiers, & winged adults -microorganisms in gut digest wood |
|
ant vs. termite metamorphosis
|
-ants: complete metamorphasis w/ pupa stage
-termites: incomplete w/ nymphs |
|
order Pthiraptera: what are they? wings? 2 types?
|
-lice
-wingless their entire life -sucking lice (blood) and chewing lice (hair/feathers) |
|
order mantodea: what are they? front legs? eyes? aggressive?
|
-mantids (praying mantis)
-front legs highly specialized for grabbing and holding- "raptorial legs" -lg eyes w/ excellent vision -voracious & aggressive |
|
order siphonaptera: what are they? wings? eyes? legs? what do bodies look like?
|
-fleas
-no wings -no compound eyes -legs modded for jumping -bodies are small & hard, laterally compressed (look like put in a vice) |
|
before a female flea lays eggs what does she need? where are the eggs laid? what happens then? how do they hatch?
|
-needs a blood meal
-eggs laid on host -they fall off and land in "nest" of host -pupates in silk cocoon -hatch w/ vibration |
|
order dermatptera: what ere they? wings? tail?
|
-earwigs
-leathery short front wings -tail modded into cerci, pincerlike, hold prey |