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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Reactivity of group 2 |
Increases down group: Increases down group:Larger atomic radius, more shielding, valence electrons held less strongly |
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Group 2: Ionisation energies |
Decrease down group Larger radius, more shielding, VE held less strongly by +Nucleus |
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Reaction grp 2 with O2 |
2XO With Ba and Sr: XO2 (peroxide) Oxidation |
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G2 and oxides + H2O |
X(OH)2 + H2 X(OH)2 with oxides Be doesn't react Redox |
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G2 oxide reaction with acid |
HCl XCl2 + H2O
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Solubility of hydroxides |
HAM SALAD, Increase down group |
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Solubility of sulfates |
HAM SALAD Less down grp |
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G2 hydroxides + acid |
MCl + H2O |
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Grp 2 + Cl |
MCl2 |
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Thermal stability grp 1 and 2 |
Grp 1 don't decompose except Li due to charge density More stable down group, as less polarising as lower CD Carbonates and nitrates |
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Flame colours for grp 1:
Na Li K Rb Cs |
Li red Na orange/yellow K lilac Rb red Cs blue |
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Flame colours for grp 2 Mg Ca Sr Ba |
Mg no colourCa brick redSr redBa green |
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Flame test procedure |
Nichrome wire HCl Powder sample Flame |
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Flame test explained |
Heat energy, electron jump to higher energy level, light energy released as jumps back down |
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Grp 7 b.p |
↑ down group More e-, bigger atoms, more LF, more energy needed |
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Reactivity (and electronegativity) grp 7 |
↓ down grp, more shielding, radius increase, can't attract e- Weaker effective nuclear charge |
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Halogen in water colours |
Cl: green Br: orange I: brown |
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Halogen in cyclohexane |
Cl: pale green Br: orange I: purple |
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Cl2 + H2O |
HClO + HCl Disproportionation Kills bacteria in water |
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Cl2 + Cold dilute alkali |
Cl2 + 2NaOH → NaClO (bleach) + NaCl + H2O |
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Cl2 + hot dilute alkali |
3Cl2 +6NaOH → 5NaCl + NaClO3 + 3H2O Disproportionation |
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Halides test |
acidified (nitric acid) Silver nitrate (HNO3 to remove carbonates, can't use HCl as would produce Cl-) Cl: white, dissolves in Dil. NH3 Br: cream, dissolves in conc NH3 I: yellow, doesn't dissolve |
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Hal+ H2SO4 |
Reduces sulfur based on reducing agent strength: I->Br->Cl NaCl: HCl + NaHSO4 (white solid) NaBr: SO2 + Br2 + H2O NaI: H2S (bad eggs smell) + S (solid, yellow) + (Dark solid/purple vapour) I2 + H2O SO42- : +6 SO2: +4 S: 0 H2S: -2 Better reducing agents can lower this number further |
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Hydrogen halides |
+ H2O : ionise, acidic e.g. HCl + NH3: forms ammonium salt |
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Analysis of inorganic |
CO3/HCO3 use acid to form CO2 Sulfate, using barium chloride to form white solid BaSO4 OH + NH4 forms NH3, so litmus paper |
