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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Which tick transmits cytauxzoon
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a. Dermacentor variabilis, amblyomma americanum 101 |
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Which phase is necessary to induce disease
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a. Schizont phase not the piroplasm phase 102 |
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What is important for tick vectors in cytauxzoon
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a. The tick is necessary for the organism to pass through lifecycle 103 |
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How do the schizonts damage mononuclear phagocytic cells
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a. Undergo binary fission (schizogony) and cause vessels to enlarge and occlude venules in liver, spleen, and lung -> venous congestion, thrombotic disease, organ failure 104 |
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What is released when the macrophage ruptures open
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a. Merozoites which are taken up by the erythrocytes to form the piroplasms 105 |
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Piroplasms have what appearance
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a. Singlet appearance 106 |
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Which treatment of cytauxzoonosis has been associated with better survival
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a. Atovaquone and azithromycin (more than imidocarb) 107 |
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What is pneumocystis carinii
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a. Saphrophyte of low virulence that has properties to that of yeast cells (reproductive), dna is most similar to fungal class Ascomycetes, behaves like protozoan because responds to antimicrobials 108 |
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Where is the entire life cycle completed
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a. Alveolar spaces- organism adheres to pneumocytes 109 |
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What are the two phases of the organism
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a. trophozoites and the cyst 110 |
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What are the clinical signs
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a. Weight loss, polypnea progressing over time, exercise intolerance (not always coughing), afebrile 111 |
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What causes the clinical signs
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a. Inflammatory response of the organism contributes to pulmonary alveolar damage and clinical pathophysiology 112 |
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Which dog breeds appear to be at risk for pneumocystis
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a. KCCS, miniature dachshunds, sheltie, yorkie 113 |
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What about miniature dachshunds predisposes them to this disease
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a. Absence of B cells in association with defective T cells (decreaed levels of immunoglobulin) 114 |
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How is pneumocystis diagnosed
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a. Observation of the organism in lung biopsy or respiratory secretions 115 |
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What is the most effective combination of treatments for pneumocystis
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a. TMS over pentamidine (atovaquone is what is used in people but has not been as effective in dogs) 116 |
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What is the cytologic description for coccidiodies immitis
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a. Thick-walled, barrel shaped rectangular arthroconidia; mature spherules in tissue with endospores in the middle 117 |
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Where is cocciodies found
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a. Southwest US (Ca + Az) Mexico, south America 118 |
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What four tissues are most commonly affected by coccidioides
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a. Skin, respiratory, bone, pericardium 119 |
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What is the treatment for coccidioides
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a. Ketoconazole or fluconazole 120 |
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How does this organism reproduce
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a. No sexual state, haploid 121 |
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What is the cytological appearance of histoplasma
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a. Small, about the size of blasto in tissues, oval and have basophilic center surrounded by clear halo, double contoured cell, found in macrophages/monocytes but rarely in PMN and eosinophils 122 |
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Where is histo primarily found
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a. Dimorphic, soil-borne fungus worldwide but especially east of the Mississippi river, central America 123 |
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What organs are primarily effected
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a. Pulmonary, GI, can also affect ocular liver, and skeleton 124 |
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How is histo diagnosed
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a. Urine antigen test is most specific and sensitive test at 93 and 98% but there is cross reactivity against blasto 125 |
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How is histo treated
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a. Itraconazole + amphotericin B 126 |
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What is the cytological appearance of blasto
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a. Thick, refractile, double-contoured cell wall that reproduces sexually until reaches body temp and then reproduces asexually 127 |
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Where is blasto found
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a. Ohio, Missouri, and Mississippi river drainage, Mid atlantic states 128 |
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What tissues are primarily affected
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a. Respriatory, bone, lymph nodes, eyes, brain, skin/sq 129 |
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How is blasto diagnosed
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a. Urine antigen assay (same as histo) 130 |
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How is Blasto treated
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a. Itraconazole 131 |
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What is the most common systemic mycosis affecting cats and primarily exists in a yeast form
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a. Cryptococcus (two forms, neoformans that is worldwide and C. gatti that is located in more tropical parts of the world) 132 |
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What does crytococcus look like
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a. Round to oval yeast that has variably sized polysaccharide capsule, daughter cells break off and are small 133 |
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What tissues are affected by Cryptococcus
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a. Nasal cavity, skin, eyes, CNS, lymph nodes 134 |
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What is the test of choice for feline Cryptococcus
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a. Latex agglutination 135 |
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What is the optimal therapy for crytococcus
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a. Itraconazole or amphotericin B for dogs’ cats intraconazole or terbinafine 136 |
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Which bacteria that causes respiratory disease in cats requires 2-3 months of therapy for infections (more than rest)
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a. CHamydophila infection 137 |
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Which form of leishmaniasis can be identified in tissue samples and provide definitive diagnosis
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a. Amastigotes 138 |
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What is the gold standard diagnosis for Leishmania
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a. IFA with a titer of 1:64 or higher 139 |
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Which common feline virus is known to cause Eosinophilic infiltrates in the nasal cavity
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a. Feline herpes virus 140 |
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What is sporothrix
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a. Dimorphic, saphrophytic fungi, Ascomycetes that can affect wide variety of mammals 141 |
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What is the primary means of transmission for sprothrix
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a. Cutaneous or subcutaneous inoculation of the organism through a puncture wound but also through inhalation of fungus 142 |
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Where is sprothrix found
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a. Humid environments, prefers soil rich in decaying vegetation as well as moss, wood, thorns, hay 143 |
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Are cats or dogs more susceptible to sporothrix
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a. Cats 144 |
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What are the virulence factors for sporthrix
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a. Melanin to prevent oxidative damage, adhesins on the surface bind to fibronectin 145 |
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When should sporothrix be suspected
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a. In any cat or dog with cutaneous lesions suggestive of cryptococosis or deep mycoses and expecially any cat with ulcerative or nodular lesions on the face 146 |
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What are the most common labwork abnormalities in cats with sporothrix
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a. Hyperglobulinemia and hypoalbuminemia, can see elevated liver enzymes, neutrophilia and or eosinophilia 147 |
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What does sporothrix look like
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a. Pyogranumolatous inflammation with large numbers of round to cigar-shaped yeasts found intracellularly within neutrophils or macrophages and extracellularly, sensitivity of cytology is 79% 148 |
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How is sporothrix diagnosed
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a. Fungal culture is the gold standard as serology and PCR is not readily available, culture from infected tissues, isolation exceeds 75% sensitivity 149 |
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How is sporothrix treated
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a. Itraconazole, need 4-6 months to treat, prognosis is good with therapy |