Information Science Chapter 1 Vocab

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Computer Literacy

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Also known as digital literacy, involvs having a current knowledge and understanding of computers and their uses.

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Computer

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An electronic device operating under the control of instructions scored on its own memory, can accept data, process data according to rules, produce results and store the results for future use.

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Data

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A collection of unprocessed items. Can include text numbers images audio and video. Computers process data into information.

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Information

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Conveys meaning and is useful to people.

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Information Processing Cycle

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The series of Input, process, output, and storage activities

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Hardware

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Electric, Electronic, and mechanical components

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Input Device

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Any hardware component that allows you to enter data and instructions into a computer

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Output Device

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Any hardware component that conveys information to one or more people.

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CPU

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Central Processing Unit: Also known as the processor, and is the electronic component that interprets and carries out the basic instructions that operate the computer.

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Memory

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Consists of electronic components that store instructions waiting to be executed and data needed by those instructions

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Storage/ Storage Device

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Records and retrieves items to and from storage media.

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Communications Device

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Hardware component that enables a computer to send and receive data, instructions, and information to and from one or more mobile devices.

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Network

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A collection of computers and devices connected together, often wirelessly via communications devices and transmission media.

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Resources

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Hardware software data and information

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Internet

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Worldwide collection of networks that connects millions of business gov. agencies, educational instutions and individuals

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Web or WWW

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World Wide Web: contains billions of documents called wep pages on of the more popular services on the internet

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Web Page

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Contains text graphics animation audio and video

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Web 2.0

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Social networking web sites web sites blogs and web applications used for users to share personal information

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GUI

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Graphical User Interface: lets you interact with the software using text graphics and visual images such as icons

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Icon

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a miniature image that represents a program an instruction or some other object

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System Software

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Consists of the programs that control or maintain the operations of the computer and its devices

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Application Software

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Consists of programs designed to make users more productive and or assist them with personal tasks

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Operating System

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A set of programs designed that coordinates all the activities among computer hardware devices

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Utility/ Utility Program

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Allows a user to perform maintenance- type tasks usuallt related to managing a computer its devices or its program

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Installing

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the process of setting up software to work with the computer printer and it usually has some software preinstalled on its hard disk

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Loading

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Copying a program from storage to memory

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Programmer

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Also called a developer, is someone who develops software or writed the instructions that direct the computer to process the data into information

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Convergence

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A trend of computers and devices with technologies that overlap

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Personal computer

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A computer that can perform all of its input processing output and storage activities by itself

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Desktop Computer

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Designed to that the system unit input devices output devices and any other devices fit entirely on or under a desk or table

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Mobile Computer

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a personal computer you can carry from place to place

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Notebook/ Laptop computer

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portable personal computer often designed to fit on your lap

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Table PC

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a special type of notebook computer that allows you to write or draw on the screen using a digital pen

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embedded computer

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a special purpose computer that fuctions as a component in a larger product

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server

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controlls access to the hardware software and other resources on a network and provides a centralized storage area for programs data and information

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mainframe

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a large expensive computer that can handle hundreds and thousands of connected users simultaneously

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supercomputer

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the fastest most powerful computer and most expensive

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operating system

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a set of programs activities of all computers

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Handheld

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an input device used for standard game consoles / computer small enough to fit in one hand

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End of Chapter 1

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End of Chapter 1