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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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A patient presents to the ER with a 2 day history of a severe headache and fever of 101 degrees. You run labs and the results are as follows:
Gram + Lancet Shaped Cocci Inhibition of growth around the optochin disc on the blood agar smear What is the Dx? What drugs will you give? |
Dx: Strep Pneumoniae - bacterial meningitis
Tx: PCN or Amoxicillin (drugs of choice) |
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What are the virulence factors associated with S. Pneumoniae?
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Polysaccharide Capsule
Pneumococcal Surface Proteins IgA1 protease Pili |
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Which bacteria is: Gram +, catalase negative, optochin sensitive, lancet shapped cocci that are usually found in pairs?
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Strep Pneumoniae
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Which bacteria is: Gram - , microaerophilic, associated with poultry, curved rod shaped, and associated with abdominal pain, foul smelling diarrhea, & malaise?
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Campylobacter jejuni
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What is the usual route of transmission of Campylobacter jejuni?
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fecal-oral
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What is the usual route of transmission of S. Pneumoniae?
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Found in the nasopharyngeal cells of 5-10% of adults & 20-40% of children. Infection occurs when the bacteria is transferred to another location on/in the body via close person-person contact, or migration through the sinuses usually
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A patient presents with foul smelling diarrhea, severe abdominal pain, and fever for 3 days. The lab results show curved, rod shaped, Gram negative bacteria. The bacteria are microaerophilic and did not form spores.
What is the Dx? What drugs are prescribed? |
Dx: Campylobacter jejuni
Rx: Cipro |
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A patient presents complaining of bloody diarrhea, fever, and abdominal cramps for 2 days. The labs show non-motile Gram negative bacteria that are non-lactose forming, & do not produce H2S.
What is the Dx? How do you treat? |
Dx: Shigella
Tx: Fluid & Electrolytes - this may be all that's needed unless case is severe. Bactrim + Ampicillin if case is severe or to shorten the disease process by a few days |
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How is Shigella transmitted?
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4 F's (fecal-oral route)
Fingers Flies Food Feces |
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How do you distinguish Shigella from Salmonella?
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No Gas
Do not produce H2S Nonmotile |
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Which diseases are caused by Salmonella?
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Typhoid
Gastroenteritis |
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A 12 year old girl with Sickle Cell presents to the ER with fever & diarrhea. She ate chicken at friend's house three days ago. Labs show a Gram negative, rod-shaped enterobacteria that is colorless on MacConkey's agar.
What is the Dx and Tx? What should you be concerned about? |
Dx: Salmonella
Tx: Supportive Care, BRAT diet, Abx (because she is immunocompromised) - Amoxicillin *Cipro contraindicated in children; Bactrim SJS concern Be concerned about Septicemia due to immunocompromised state |
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What are the 3 major antigens associated with Salmonella?
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1) Somatic (O) or cell wall antigens
2) Surface Antigen (Capsular Vi) 3) Flagellar (H) antigens |
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How is Salmonella protected from phagocytosis?
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Acid tolerance response gene (protects from acidic pH)
SSIPs - Salmonella Secreted Invasion Protiens |
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What is the drug of choice for pregnant women infected with T. gondii?
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Spiramycin
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What is the drug of choice for HIV pts infected with T. gondii?
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Clindamycin
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What are the pediatric complications of T. gondii infection?
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Hearing loss
Blindness Mental Retardation |
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What is the DOC for community acquired pmx?
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E-mycin
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What is the MOA of E-mycin?
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Inhibits 50S ribosome
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What is the MOA of Gentamycin?
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Inhibits 30S ribosome
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What is the MOA of Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole?
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Inhibits bacterial synthesis of dihydrofolic acid by competing with PABA
Blocks the production of tetrahydrofolic acid from dihydrofolic acid |
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Which drug is associated with red-man syndrome, and what do you do is your pt develops this?
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Vancomycin
Slow the infusion to correct red-man syndrome |
